Safety Performance for Active Transportation Modes using Exposure Models

State departments of transportation (DOTs) are committed to modally integrated and well-functioning transportation systems and providing safe, accessible, and reliable systems for all users, including those who walk, bike, or use mobility assisted devices. However, for local and state DOTs that operate these systems, constrained financial and human resources have made it rather difficult to maintain their current assets in good repair, let alone build new infrastructure. These constraints often result in the prioritization of motorized vehicle projects over those advancing the use of active transportation modes. Active transportation facilities also often lose out because of the unavailability of adequate information and decision-making tools needed to assess the potential safety performance tradeoffs when evaluating alternatives, including walking and biking facilities. To support all modes and improve the transportation system’s safety and equity, it is critical to determine the potential use of the system by those who bike, walk, or use mobility assistive devices (devices such as motorized scooters and bikes). However, counts of people walking and biking are often unavailable or collected in a manner that is unusable for crash prediction or for comparing the needs of all users to support location-based (e.g., segments and intersections) equitable decisions. Exposure models for active transportation can potentially help circumvent this problem to allow DOTs to consider all modes of transportation in their project planning and development process in a fair and equitable manner. Exposure models enable state DOTs to incorporate predictive information into their decision-making process when volume data for those who walk or bike is not available or when the DOTs do not have funds to collect data at every potential project location. Even when volume data is collected for some specific project locations, DOTs may not be able to sustain that collection on a consistent, regular basis due to financial constraints. This non-inclusion has a particularly negative impact on lower-income areas where significant gaps for active transportation modes already exist. Exposure models have the potential to address this deficiency. The multivariate nature of this approach would allow for the necessary planning, design, and operational considerations upfront in different combinations and contexts. The information provided by the models regarding potential safety performance can be used in the decision-making process during project planning and development for active transportation modes. Research is needed on how the use of exposure models can help advance a decision-making framework that considers how best to achieve an integrated multimodal approach on public roadway system. It will also help supplement other ongoing predictive modeling and systemic tools developments for active transportation. Furthermore, the results of this research could also be used by others to develop additional safety performance functions (SPF) that could supplement models being developed under the NCHRP Project 17-84, Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Performance Functions for the Highway Safety Manual, with additional functional classes and contexts. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Advance the predictive safety performance methodologies for pedestrians, bicyclists, and those using mobility-assistive devices (such as motorized scooters and bikes) using exposure estimates and prediction models. Develop models and predictive methods for use by state and local DOTs of all sizes to determine potential exposure to help evaluate the likely safety performance at a given location. (2) Develop guidance and resources to support the implementation of the developed methodologies that can be used to inform multimodal decision-making in different design and land use contexts and also for different modal priorities. 

• Record URL:
  http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=5151
• Supplemental Notes:
  • Contract to a Performing Organization has not yet been awarded.

Language

• English

Project

• Status: Proposed
• Funding: $700000
• Contract Numbers:

  Project 17-102

• Sponsor Organizations:

  National Cooperative Highway Research Program

  Transportation Research Board
  500 Fifth Street, NW
  Washington, DC  United States  20001

  Federal Highway Administration

  1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
  Washington, DC  United States  20590

  American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

  444 North Capitol Street, NW
  Washington, DC  United States  20001
• Project Managers:

  Zelinski, Patrick

• Start Date: 20230327
• Expected Completion Date: 0
• Actual Completion Date: 0

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Crash rates; Crash severity; Cyclists; Nonmotorized transportation; Pedestrian safety; Predictive models; State departments of transportation; Traffic safety; Traffic simulation; Traffic volume
• Subject Areas: Highways; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting; Safety and Human Factors;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01773415
• Record Type: Research project
• Source Agency: Transportation Research Board
• Contract Numbers: Project 17-102
• Files: TRB, RIP
• Created Date: May 27 2021 8:07PM