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https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27432/critical-issues-in-transportation-for-2024-and-beyond

Counting Airport Operations Using Aircraft Transponder Signals and/or Aircraft Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Data

This is the continuation of BDV22 TWO 977-02 New proprietary and/or non-proprietary systems have been developed in an effort to more reliably and accurately count aircraft operations at airports without a staffed air traffic control tower. These systems include methods which utilize equipment that identifies aircraft transponder and/or Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) equipment signals. This research project will effectively update the 2018 Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Operations Counting at Non-Towered Airports Assessment report by exploring the feasibility, accuracy, and reliability of new technologies. These may include receiving equipment combined with specialized computer programming that would record aircraft operations. For example, a specific aircraft’s location/altitude profile (as recorded using its transponder/ADS-B signals) in relation to a known airport’s location, could be used to indicate a type of operation at that airport (e.g., landing, takeoff, etc.). Although several systems have been summarized in past research, new technologies continue to emerge and this project will identify and evaluate systems for counting aircraft operations using currently available technologies.