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https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27432/critical-issues-in-transportation-for-2024-and-beyond

PNT with Signals of Opportunity and Real-World Jammed and Spoofed Environments

(Task 3.4) Robust and Accurate Ground and Aerial HAV PNT with signals of opportunity (SOPs): The ASPIN Lab is at the forefront of exploiting terrestrial and low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite SOPs for robust and accurate PNT in GNSS-degraded and GNSS-denied environments. An accurate navigation solution in a global frame can be produced from signals of opportunity (SOPs) in a standalone fashion and an integrated fashion, aiding lidar and IMU. Towards this objective, the study team's proposed research is fourfold. First, the study team proposes to develop a comprehensive real-time kinematic (RTK) approach to exploiting cellular and LEO satellite signals for ground and aerial vehicle positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). Second, the study team plans to assess SOP-derived PNT availability, continuity, timing stability, and performance over long periods of GNSS unavailability in different environments: open-sky, rural, urban, and deep urban. Third, the study team proposes to develop multi-signal, multi-sensor integrity monitoring frameworks, capable of handling multiple simultaneous faults. Fourth, the study team plans to develop GPS antispoofing mechanisms, utilizing the additional sensing modality SOPs provide. The outcome of this research will be a detailed real-time kinematic (RTK)-based framework for exploiting cellular and LEO satellite SOPs for ground and aerial vehicle PNT with HAV performance guarantees. ++++++++++ (Task 5) Validation in Real-world Jammed and Spoofed Environments: The study team plans to validate their research outcomes via (1) sophisticated, high-fidelity simulators (RF, GNSS, PNT sensors, vehicle, transportation networks) and (2) experimentally on ground vehicles, UAVs, and high altitude aircraft, where GPS/GNSS signals are subjected to “simulated” jamming and spoofing attacks. To achieve the most impactful outcomes, the team will validate their developed research methodologies and proposed standards in real-world jammed and spoofed environments. PI Kassas has signed a five-year EPA with the Department of the Air Force (2019–2024), allowing his research team access to conduct experiments at Edwards AFB, CA. The team plans to participate in a two-week long, biennial GPS jamming exercise, known as Developmental Test Navigation Festival (NAVFEST), with different jamming waveforms and jamming-to-signal ratio.