<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
    <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Using Higher Fines Backfill Materials in the Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls in Georgia
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2719309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main objectives of this research project are: (1) examine the impact of gradation and fine content on the permeability, density, and shear strength of backfill materials, as well as soil-reinforcement interactions; (2) conduct a cost comparison analysis between Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall design cases using higher fines backfill materials and current Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT)-approved materials; and (3) perform Finite Element (FE) simulations to determine MSE wall deformation for various backfill materials.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:44:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2719309</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>State of Practice for Specifying and Repairing Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2671985</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) frequently uses Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls due to cost-effectiveness and ability to tolerate movements during their service life. WisDOT has observed excessive deformation or wall-facing damage due to deterioration or vehicular impacts. Research into durability of MSE wall reinforcements and best practices to ensure their longevity would be beneficial. This research will evaluate allowable limits for MSE wall settlements and out-of-plane movements and investigate repair/remediation methods when those limits are exceeded, with or without signs of distress. The research will investigate repair solution to address compromised wall facings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 11:23:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2671985</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPR-4951: Development of a Ground Penetrating Radar Based Testing Program for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2553989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[INDOT Research & Development engineers have identified GPR as a potential method for assessing the extent of voids in MSE walls. However, current GPR configurations cannot be used for scanning vertical surfaces. Therefore, GPR testing equipment specially designed for MSE wall void detection must be built. This project aims to produce and validate a GPR test system capable of locating voids in MSE walls.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 15:51:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2553989</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stabilizing Leaking Sand Behind MSE Walls</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2489964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has a large number of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) panel walls with sand backfill. Some of these walls have experienced problems with sand flowing out between the panel joints because the geotextile filter fabric is not present over the joints. Untreated loss of backfill can result in conditions that become progressively worse. According to the Texas Department of Transportaiton (TxDOT), once loss of backfill begins, it gets worse as the surface area of internal voids increases. If the process is allowed to continue and voids get large enough, the wall may begin to experience panel movements and distress. For this reason, evaluation of the wall and repairs should be timely. Possible solutions to this problem include reducing water flow through the backfill, blocking the backfill from being able to flow between the panels, adding a cementitious agent to the backfill to stabilize it, or some combination of these. Sealing surface joints above the wall to reduce water flow will always be helpful but may not be sufficient. One blocking solution promoted by TxDOT is using backer rod and a sealant to fill the joints. Some TxDOT districts have used expandable foam as a blocking agent, although KDOT tried this and had a poor experience. A more preferred outcome would be one where the sand itself is stabilized, the surface of the wall remains uniform (irregular seams with backer rod are not present/visible), and there is at least some drainage permitted. These objectives could potentially be achieved using a thin polymer, cementitious, or biological grouting agent to cement the sand together in the volume of sand immediately around the joint. The grout would be injected into the sand using a wand inserted through the gap between panels. This cemented volume could still have some permeability to permit some seepage and would not be noticeably different from the rest of the wall joints in appearance. If injection with a wand proves feasible, this would likely be a more cost-effective alternative than backer rod and silicone sealant due to lower labor and material costs. Voids in the backfill would be addressed with a different material, such as urethane foam, a more viscous grout, lightweight cellular concrete, or other material.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jan 2025 14:59:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2489964</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Chlorides on Soil and Structural Elements</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431160</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has adopted other DOT corrosion prevention and protection design elements with the intention they will allow the structure to perform adequately throughout, and to the required design life. In previous Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall rehabilitation projects, corrosion appears to be localized on the facing/strap connection directly behind the wall. In soil nail walls, full encapsulation is required per Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) design guidance if geotechnical sampling detects a corrosive environment. It is poorly known how corrosive roadway chemicals, such as deicer, are impacting the subsurface and if retaining structures are at risk from infiltration above including soil characteristics that may lead to destabilization of soil compaction. The research is to evaluate chemical migration through soils and look at if more protective design elements are warranted and to what extent those protective measures should take place.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Sep 2024 08:31:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431160</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MSE Retaining Wall Forensics Investigation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431157</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls are designed and installed all over the country. When the time comes for them to be removed or replaced, little time is taken to evaluate the walls performance during its removal. How did the soil reinforcement survive? Did the structure backfill become contaminated with fines or animals? How did the drainage truly perform? Did deicer and other treatment chemicals penetrate deeper into the soil mass? As part of the F-12-AS I-70 eastbound bridge replacement scheduled to occur during the 2024 construction season, the MSE wall adjacent Vail Pass Safety Reconstruction project will excavate and replace a RECO MSE retaining wall adjacent to the bridge’s east abutment. This wall has been in place for almost 50 years providing a great opportunity to examine MSE wall life, design, soil reinforcement corrosion, corrosion location and resiliency along interstate highways in mountainous areas]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Sep 2024 07:52:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431157</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Resiliency of MSE Walls to Surge and Wave Loading</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2389222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The project objectives are to identify the mode of failure that mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls have exhibited as a result of hydrodynamic storm surge and wave loading and study effective remediation measures to improve their reliability. The research team will conduct model tests of different MSE wall cases subjected to representative tropical storm hydrodynamics using finite element modeling and centrifuge tests. The parameters of the walls will be the same as those that failed during Hurricane Ian’s landfall near Fort Myers, Florida in September 2022. The parameters of the hydrodynamics will be based on observations and data available through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USGA and other agencies and in the literature. Measurements of pore pressures in the MSE wall backfill and bearing soil will be made in order to assess the stability changes associated with excess pore pressures driven by the hydrodynamics. The surge water levels and velocities will also be measured through each test. Remediation measures that will be tested include larger mean particle size of the backfill improve permeability and reduce residual excess pore pressure and external porous façade elements as a hydrodynamic energy dissipative boundary. A study of influential parameters will be made using calibrated finite element models of the tested MSE walls.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Jun 2024 07:33:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2389222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Practices. Topic 55-03. Asset Management Practices for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2190457</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls are widely used in transportation projects due to their cost-saving, time-efficient, and resilient nature. However, most of the walls constructed so far have been built too recently to allow assessment of whether or not they would meet the desired design life. Additionally, design guidelines, construction materials, and protocols have evolved greatly since the technology was first adopted.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this synthesis was to document state departments of transportation (DOTs) asset management practices for MSE walls in their inventories. Relevant practices include those related to maintenance and rehabilitation of deteriorated walls, inventory and assessment, and development of risk and life-cycle costs.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jun 2023 12:31:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2190457</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Update GEC-11 - Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes (RSS)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2067978</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research updates GEC-11 - Design and Construction of MSE Walls and RSS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2022 16:26:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2067978</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deploy Guidance and Develop Training on MSE Wall Management Protocol</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2067977</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research involves deploying guidance and developing training on MSE wall management protocol.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2022 16:26:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2067977</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPR-4715: Study on the Permissible Depth of Utilities under the MSE Walls and Means and Methods of Protecting the MSE Walls when the Permissible Depth cannot be Provided</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1998994</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mechanically Stabilized Earth retaining structures are extensively used by INDOT because of cost, simple design and construction, and low maintenance. The problem of placing utilities within the reinforced volume of soil or under the MSE wall is not well resolved, and the potential consequences of utility failure can be catastrophic. The aim of the project is to provide INDOT with criteria regarding the optimum placement of the utilities and recommendations for their protection and maintenance such that their interaction with the MSE wall does not have detrimental consequences to the performance of the wall structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2022 14:08:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1998994</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RES2019-22: Geosynthetic Reinforced Soils for Bridge Approach Slab Support
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1851963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two approach slabs are constructed at bridge ends to serve as a smooth transition from the highway pavement
to the bridge deck. Motorists usually complain about a sudden change in elevation (bump) at the highway/approach
slab (H/S) joint that causes a potential hazard for public safety, damage to vehicles, and riders’ discomfort. Many
US States conducted research to solve the problem of bridge bumps with mixed degrees of success. In this project,
the finite element (FE) method was used to predict the differential settlement at the H/S joint when supported by
a strip footing (sleeper slab) that sits on compacted layers of soil embankment with geogrid reinforcement. A
parametric study was conducted to select the optimum design which consists of 4 geogrid layers and a layer of
woven polypropylene geotextile to separate the embankment clay from the reinforced aggregate fill. The geogrid
layers are equally-spaced within a depth of 2 × B below the strip footing, where B is the width of the footing. The
inclusion of geogrid reinforcement did not only enhance the ultimate bearing stress of the strip footing but also
redistributed the vertical loads over a wider region of soil embankment and thus reduced settlement. A case study
is also presented for modeling the performance of a design recommended by the Tennessee Department of
Transportation (TDOT) for the retrofit of the bridge ends. The recommended design suggests replacing soil
embankment underneath the approach slab with 4 biaxial geogrid layers between 9-inch thick lifts of openly graded aggregate and a layer of woven polypropylene geotextile to separate the embankment clay from the
reinforced aggregate fill. The approach slab has a length of 24 ft and a thickness of 1 ft supported by a 3 ft sleeper
slab (B = 3 ft) with a thickness of 1 ft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 May 2021 17:57:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1851963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPR-4520:  Development of an MSE Wall Construction Manual and Training Course</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1718353</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study will generate mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall specific construction resources for INDOT project inspectors, based on a synthesis of practices from other state departments of transportation, MSE wall vendor construction manuals, and published literature. Project deliverables will include: (1) an MSE wall construction reference manual, (2) an updated checklist for MSE wall construction, and (3) an MSE wall construction training course. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2020 09:52:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1718353</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Behavior of Reinforced and Unreinforced Lightweight Cellular Concrete for Retaining Walls</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1632304</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The overall objective of this study is to measure engineering design parameters and failure mechanisms for unreinforced and reinforced lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) backfills based on large-scale laboratory tests.  Specific objectives are: (1) Determine and characterize the nature of strength criteria based on failure in large-scale laboratory tests. (2) Determine the failure mechanism for unreinforced LCC backfill behind conventional reinforced concrete walls along with wall pressures and deflections. (3) Determine the failure mechanism for mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls with LCC backfill along with wall pressures, required inextensible (steel) reinforcement length, and wall displacements. (4) Measure pull-out resistance of inextensible reinforcements at large-scale and under variable applied vertical pressures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Jun 2019 15:00:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1632304</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPR-4329: Verification Testing of MSE Wall Foundation Bearing Capacity
Based on the DCPT</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1563540</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to develop: (1) guidelines on how best to conduct and interpret subsurface investigations for proposed mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls, particularly for road widening projects; (2) methodology to estimate the bearing capacity of foundation soils found in Indiana in MSE wall construction; and (3) guidelines on how to use quality assurance methods for verifying MSE wall foundation shear strength and bearing capacity to prevent serviceability limit states from being reached. Two MSE walls will be instrumented and monitored in the context of this project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Oct 2018 11:25:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1563540</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>