<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
    <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJzdWJqZWN0aWQiIHZhbHVlPSIxNzcxIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSI3MzAiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMTYiIC8+PC9wYXJhbXM+PGZpbHRlcnMgLz48cmFuZ2VzIC8+PHNvcnRzPjxzb3J0IGZpZWxkPSJwdWJsaXNoZWQiIG9yZGVyPSJkZXNjIiAvPjwvc29ydHM+PHBlcnNpc3RzPjxwZXJzaXN0IG5hbWU9InJhbmdldHlwZSIgdmFsdWU9InB1Ymxpc2hlZGRhdGUiIC8+PC9wZXJzaXN0cz48L3NlYXJjaD4=" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>AAM-Enabled Intermodal Freight Strategies for Supply Chain Resilience and Efficiency</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2691666</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ports and freight corridors are critical to the nation’s economy, yet recent disruptions have shown how vulnerable supply chains can be to congestion, weather events, and other unexpected shocks. While trucks and rail remain the backbone of freight movement, there is growing interest in whether emerging Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) and air-based technologies could help improve reliability and resilience for specific, time-sensitive freight needs. This project explores how new air mobility services could complement rather than replace existing port and landside freight systems. The research will examine how air-based freight services can be integrated into intermodal freight networks to support more resilient, efficient supply chains, particularly during disruptions. The study will focus on identifying freight use cases where air mobility may provide added value, such as time-critical deliveries, emergency response, or port operations affected by congestion or weather. The project will evaluate infrastructure needs, operational considerations, and decision-making factors relevant to transportation agencies and port authorities. The research will also examine planning and policy considerations to ensure that potential applications support safe and cost-effective transportation outcomes. Expected results include a practical framework for identifying when and where air mobility solutions may enhance freight system performance, guidance for integrating these services into existing transportation systems, and policy-relevant insights for public agencies. The findings will support transportation decision-makers in planning for resilient, efficient freight systems that meet current needs while remaining adaptable for the future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 23:32:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2691666</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Naïve Subject Testing – Suite Emergency Passage Features</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2686617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Applicants for type design approval are working to support their airline customers by installing passenger suites that include doors between the passenger and exit.  To install these doors, an exemption to 25.813(e) is required in which one of the conditions of the exemption is that the applicant must show the emergency passage feature (EPF) is simple and obvious to open.  Applicants achieve this showing by completing a naïve subject test.  The test method currently being used combines test parameters from the naïve subject test for evacuation specified in Part 25 Appendix J, the naïve subject test for life vest donning specified in TSO-C13, and the naïve subject test for floor proximity markings outlined in AC 25.812-1 and AC 25.812-2a.  The test method has several variables involved that are debated amongst regulators and applicants on how they should be controlled.  As a result, the test is run inconsistently, and variations in how the test is performed has led to an unlevel playing field amongst applicants, delays in certification testing by seat suppliers, and conflicting design approvals.   ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 10:17:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2686617</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advancing Rural Mobility through Innovative Charging Solutions</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2677557</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electric vehicle (EV) ownership in the United States is growing. Since EVs have emerged as an additional mobility option available in the market, their proliferation requires charging infrastructure to support the growing number on EVs on the national highway system. While many EV owners predominantly charge their vehicles at home, EV fast chargers are needed to provide support for efficient long distance and interstate travel. The advent of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) in rural areas has the potential to address long-standing challenges related to accessibility, connectivity, and service delivery using electric vertical take-off and landing [eVTOL] aircraft and drones. These mobility solutions also require charging infrastructure to enable their deployment.      

Development of new fast charging stations has been delayed by the need to connect the charging stations to the electric grid. Microgrids, which are small, local power grids that use locally sourced energy to supply electricity within that microgrid, provide an opportunity to provide needed energy without the need to connect to the electric grid. These solutions are preferable in areas where interconnection with the electric grid would be not feasible, not timely, or cost prohibitive, including rural areas. This project would investigate and evaluate microgrids and storage for EV charging solutions that allow for long-distance EV mobility, laying the groundwork for further research  and implementation to enable efficient mobility of electric vehicles across the US.  The project will also address non-traditional charging applications (beyond on-road vehicle charging) to address potential charging solutions for AAM operations in rural areas.     ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 13:49:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2677557</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unmanned Aerial System Automation Using Artificial Intelligence Tools</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2676010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project will conduct an exploratory analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to aid with the automation of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) use case activities across transportation with a focus on potential applications for transportation system benefits. This is an area of great potential for innovation through the use of advanced technologies in a synergistic manner. The project will focus on representative use cases where AI can enable advanced data processing and decision-making, such as: infrastructure inspection (e.g., rail track condition monitoring, construction progress tracking); operations and safety (e.g., traffic monitoring for incidents and special events); and UAS operating conditions monitoring (e.g., wildlife detection, vegetation health assessment). 

These use cases represent areas where AI-driven computer vision, predictive analytics, and anomaly detection can significantly improve efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Additionally, the project will explore how AI-enabled UAS operations can contribute to energy benefits and cost savings by optimizing inspection schedules, reducing fuel-intensive manual operations, and supporting compliance with regulatory standards.  

In the context of the above-described use cases, the research team will conduct the following activities: (1) identify commercial AI-enabled tools currently available for purchase or license and assess their capabilities for UAS data integration; (2) evaluate how these tools can be modified or expanded to meet the specific needs of  transportation related monitoring applications; and (3) develop prototype      workflows demonstrating AI-enabled automation for UAS operations.  
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 16:49:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2676010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UAM-enabled Multimodal Analysis of Transportation Systems for LA28 and beyond</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2676008</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Los Angeles region has long been projected as a testing ground for urban air mobility (UAM), comprised of air taxis and drone delivery, given the region’s favorable climate, traffic problems, and tech-savvy ecosystem. The LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games present an opportunity to make such a testing ground a reality. This project will model the potential for mode shifts, from ground to air taxi modes, with the LA28 Games as an initial case study. Modeling mode shift requires modeling the operation of an air taxi system. For that reason, this project will develop algorithms for optimal dispatch operation of a network of air taxis during LA28 and thereafter, and use those results to study the resulting mode shift from other ground-based modes of transportation. The results of this research can inform the work of the White House Task Force on the 2028 Summer Olympics (Established by Executive Order 14328), which includes the Secretary of Transportation. The results will also be relevant to both the public and private sector entities planning Olympic Games travel. By developing improved dispatch operation models for air taxis in a major urban area, and then predicting mode shifts from/to other ground modes, this research will also develop knowledge that will be helpful throughout Region 9 and the U.S. and which can help accelerate the maturing of the air taxi sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 16:34:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2676008</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Weather Radar Augmented Positioning (WRAP) Technology for Aerial Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2675937</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Problem Statement: As the modern transportation
navigation systems increasingly rely on Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GNSS) signals, the potential transportation safety risks also
increase significantly should there be intruptions in
transmitting or receiving GPS/GNSS signals in the
events such as strong solar wind activities,
unintentional interferences, or intentional jamming.
To mitigate these transportation safety risks, several
alternative positioning technologies are being
actively developed. These technologies include using
ground-base GPS/GNSS pseudolites and using signal
of opportunities (SOP) transmitted from cellular
towers and LEO communication satellites. However,
the deployment of ground-based GPS/GNSS
pseudolites are still very limited and facing several regulation hurdles over potentially causing
interferences and human RF exposure risks. The coverage of cellular signals are still lacking in rural
or remote areas, and not available at higher altitude above the ground level (AGL), and using LEO
satellite signals for navigation are more complex and expensive. This project will explore the
utilization of the radar signals transmitted from the existing NEXRAD WSR-88D Weather Radar
Network for navigating aerial vehicles. These signals are within the designated 2700-3000 MHz
frequency band with 25 MHz bandwidth. The two key advantage of these SOP signals are strong
signal strength and wide coverage of almost entire US.
Objectives: The main research objectives of this project include demonstrating the feasibility of
using the strong ubiquatus weather radar signals for aerial vehicle navigation needs, defining the
key system hardware and software requirements, and identifying performance limitations.
Scope: This 12-month research effort will include (1) characterizing the NEXRAD signal strengths
and waveforms, (2) investigating distributed receiving antenna strategy, (3) developing positioning
algorithms, and (4) analyzing the positions accuracy and limitations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 15:37:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2675937</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Communicable disease preparedness: Aircraft cabin disease dispersion study for model validation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2675923</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research supports the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA’s) Aviation Safety Research Strategy Public Health Preparedness thrust and depends on access to National Research Council Canada’s Centre for Air Travel Research facility. To strengthen public health preparedness, the Office of Aerospace Medicine must quantitatively model disease transmission risk in commercial aviation and evaluate mitigation strategies. Building on preliminary work under prior work, risk analysis models have been developed for interagency Safety Risk Management (SRM) use, with broader dissemination to public health planners, industry, and academia in FY27-28.

This project directly responds to the final recommendation of GAO-22-104579, which highlighted critical gaps in prior models. The project will publish key human behavior and ventilation datasets, enabling peer review, independent replication, and expanded application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 10:19:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2675923</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Update to ACRP Report 49: Collaborative Airport Capital Planning Handbook



</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2673006</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the 2011 publication of ACRP Report 49: Collaborative Airport Capital Planning Handbook, the airport industry experienced numerous changes. Airport capital planning, programs, and projects are dynamic and involve many elements, including phasing, financing, planning, design, and construction.  Since the 2011 publication of ACRP Report 49, capital planning modernizations have addressed the unpredictability of inflation; supply chain linkages; diversified financing challenges; appropriate delivery methods; new regulatory requirements; advanced technology changes; growing capital demands; and the evolving environmental, social, and governance (ESG) implications. 

Additional challenges to airport capital planning include varying perspectives and competing agendas across internal airport departments involved in the airport planning process (e.g., planning, engineering, and finance) and managing competing agendas of other stakeholders (e.g., consultants, airlines, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)). 

The continual changes to technology since 2011 have inundated the industry with software solutions to enhance airport capital planning management whereby information can be tracked more efficiently. Potential implications of artificial intelligence (AI) may improve the capital planning processes. These technological advancements may have a defined process to best capture and communicate information used to administer the capital planning programs at airports, an important aspect of successfully maintaining the capital plan. 

Additional research is needed within airport capital planning.

The objective of this research is to update ACRP Report 49, outlining and describing a modernized collaborative capital improvement planning (CIP) process and implementation, and includes practices for the industry (e.g., tools and methodologies). 

This updated handbook will be developed for individuals at an airport who have a responsibility in the development, financing, management, or oversight of the airport CIP, or who have information required to maintain and ensure the CIP is current and up to date.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:03:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2673006</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Visualizing Pilot Medical Risk for Executive Awareness</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Office of Aerospace Medicine (AAM) conducts quarterly safety assurance 
intelligence briefings to evaluate trends in pilot incapacitation, non-fatal accidents, and 
fatal aviation incidents. These briefings aim to assess the effectiveness of pilot medical 
oversight and identify medically related risk factors that may be overrepresented in 
safety events. However, despite access to rich data sources—including FAA’s Document 
Imaging Workflow System (DIWS), NTSB reports, toxicology findings, MarketScan health
data, and special issuance records—the presentation of these data has not effectively 
supported high-level decision-making. Traditional formats such as static charts and 
tabular reports fail to offer the clarity and cognitive immediacy needed by senior FAA 
leaders, limiting their ability to make timely, risk-informed decisions.

To address this challenge, AAM proposes adapting “patterns of life” data visualization 
techniques—originally developed in military and intelligence domains—to aviation 
medical oversight. These methods can dynamically represent high-dimensional, time and location-linked datasets, revealing hidden patterns, emerging risks, and operational 
outliers. The research will investigate which military- or commercially derived 
visualization approaches are most effective for depicting longitudinal trends in pilot 
medical risk, how to design these visuals for interpretability by non-technical executive 
audiences, and how best to contextualize comparative risk between pilot subgroups and 
the general population. It will also explore strategies for fusing disparate data streams 
into a unified dashboard—integrating sources such as DIWS, MarketScan, toxicology 
reports, NTSB findings, and AME characteristics—and examine the potential for 
embedded alerting mechanisms (e.g., risk thresholds, anomaly detection) to support 
proactive policy intervention.

Ultimately, this research seeks to transform how pilot medical risk is synthesized, 
communicated, and acted upon at the executive level. By enabling more intuitive and 
actionable insights, the visualization system will empower AAM’s Safety Council to better 
prioritize emerging threats, direct targeted oversight, and evolve the FAA’s approach 
from retrospective reporting toward predictive, data-informed safety management]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 17:03:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652034</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Drone Network Design for Emergency Response in Rural Utah</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2655749</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rural areas of Utah face significant challenges in providing timely and comprehensive emergency response. Long distances, limited road infrastructure, mountainous and desert terrain, and weather-related disruptions can significantly delay ambulances and rescue teams. These factors often increase response times for medical, disaster, and search-and-rescue emergencies, directly impacting outcomes and endangering lives.

Traditional emergency services remain essential, but they are insufficient in covering all rural needs quickly. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), or drones, present a transformative opportunity to bypass geographic and infrastructure barriers. Drones can rapidly deliver critical supplies, e.g. medical kits, blood units, communication devices, food, water, or specialized equipment, within minutes rather than hours. However, to make such a system viable, Utah requires a data-driven framework to determine where drone bases should be located, what fleet capabilities are needed, and how to integrate these operations with regulatory and local constraints. This project addresses the need to design an optimized drone network for comprehensive emergency response in rural Utah.

The primary objective of this research project is to develop an optimized drone network design to significantly reduce emergency response times in rural Utah by identifying strategic drone base locations, fleet requirements, and deployment strategies. Secondary objectives of this research project are to evaluate the technological, regulatory, and operational feasibility of drone-based emergency response, ensuring alignment with community needs and positioning Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) as a leader in innovative public safety solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 2026 16:43:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2655749</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing Airport Runway Safety through Drone-Based Inspection Systems</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652212</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) aims to improve the safety and efficiency of airport runway inspections using drone technology. Currently, runway inspections are carried out through manual and vehicle-based methods, which are time-intensive, costly, and may not provide the level of detail necessary for identifying all potential safety issues. Additionally, these methods can disrupt runway operations and pose risks to inspection personnel.
Integrating high-accuracy drones equipped with imaging technology and deep learning algorithms provides a solution. By leveraging AI models for automated defect detection and classification, this approach enables KDOT to quickly identify potential hazards, quantify runway conditions, and develop a standardized health index, such as the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), for long-term maintenance planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 15:04:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652212</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of an Aeromedical Safety Assurance System</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652035</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Office of Aerospace Medicine (AAM) must establish a safety assurance capability to comply with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) AVS Safety Management System (AVSSMS) requirements outlined in FAA Order VS 8000.367D. AAM currently lacks a systematic, evidence-based approach for monitoring whether medical risk mitigations, such as Special Issuance protocols, HIMS participation, and medication policies, are achieving their intended safety outcomes. Without a dedicated framework, AAM cannot fulfill its role in tracking the performance and effectiveness of medical safety risk controls across the National Airspace System (NAS), nor can it proactively detect shifts in risk level, emergent hazards, or unintended consequences of regulatory policy.

This research will define, develop, and validate a medical safety assurance framework tailored to AAM’s oversight responsibilities. The project will establish safety performance indicators, explore integration of aviation safety and medical certification data, and evaluate the application of advanced analytics (e.g., AI/ML) to monitor outcomes. Outputs will enable AAM to make informed, risk-prioritized decisions about oversight policy, improve cross-AVS coordination (e.g., with AVP), and enhance resilience to medical-related threats to operational safety.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 15:07:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652035</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aeromedical HFACS Nanocode Review and Validation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646975</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Office of Aerospace Medicine (AAM) has developed a specialized Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) nanocode framework designed to systematically capture medical contributors to aviation accidents. This innovative taxonomy aims to link latent or undetected pilot health issues to unsafe acts and broader systemic oversight deficiencies, thereby enhancing the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA’s) ability to understand and mitigate medically related accident risks. However, before this framework can be operationalized within FAA safety programs, it requires rigorous, independent validation to ensure its reliability, usability, and overall effectiveness in real-world applications. The core objective of this research is to evaluate whether the nanocode system accurately identifies causal medical factors in aviation accidents and supports improved aeromedical decision-making. To achieve this, the study will address key questions: How consistently can trained analysts apply the nanocode framework to actual accident cases? Does the framework clearly capture essential medical and supervisory contributors to unsafe acts? And, what refinements are necessary to enhance its clarity, usability, and integration with other FAA safety analysis systems? The answers to these questions will determine the readiness of the framework for widespread implementation and inform future training, oversight protocols, and policy guidance within the FAA’s aeromedical and safety assurance ecosystems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2026 08:56:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646975</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Use of a Synthetic Vision Guidance System (SVGS) as a Category III (CAT III) Rollout Aid </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646191</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation will be conducted to provide human factors data to aid in determining whether an Synthetic Vision Guidance System (SVGS) on a head-up display HUD, a head-down display (HDD), and/or both displays is an acceptable substitute for the visual references and flight guidance and control systems currently required to conduct manual Cagegory III (CAT III) Rollout (RO) operations. This research will examine the use of an SVGS throughout the entire CAT III flight operation (approach, landing, and RO), with a specific focus on the landing and RO, when an SVGS is used in lieu of a traditional fail-passive RO system, to determine if pilot performance, pilot workload, and crew coordination during landing and RO with an SVGS are comparable to existing levels during currently approved operations using a traditional fail-passive CAT III landing and RO system. While CAT III operations can also be conducted using other CAT III aircraft systems, such as fail-operational automatic landing and RO systems, or hybrid CAT III systems with fail-operational and fail-passive components, those systems and operational concepts are not within the scope of this research. Results from this research can inform safety risk management decisions and provide a basis to expand operational credit for SVGS technologies. The empirical data from this research can inform low visibility operation (LVO) policy and guidance decisions related to the use of an SVGS. These decisions may result in the authorization of lower CAT III minima for aircraft equipped with a fail-passive CAT III system at existing CAT III runways. This research may also expand LVO benefits to aircraft operators that have an SVGS but lack a fail-passive CAT III RO system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 12:31:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646191</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Legal Aspects of Airport Programs. Topic 18-01. Legal Responsibilities Arising Out of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Air Carrier Access Act</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2625813</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) ensure the rights and accommodations of individuals with disabilities in the United States. The ADA provides a comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities, including in employment, public accommodations, and transportation. The ACAA addresses the rights of passengers with disabilities in air travel and requires airlines to accommodate the needs of these individuals.    

Airlines and airports play critical roles in implementing these laws. Airlines are responsible for ensuring that their services, from booking to boarding, are accessible, while airports must provide accessible facilities. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) also have regulatory authority over air travel, including consumer protections, safety, and operational standards. While FAA's primary focus is on safety and efficiency of the national airspace system, it plays a supporting role in ensuring compliance with accessibility standards through various policies and guidance. It includes collaboration with the DOT, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and other agencies to ensure that regulations and guidance related to disability accommodations are upheld. However, the intersection of the ADA and ACAA can create challenges, as the ADA covers public spaces such as airport terminals, and the ACAA governs the treatment of passengers by airlines within the airport terminal.

The objective of this research is to examine the legal obligations for airports and airlines arising out of the ADA and the ACAA, including accommodations for visible and invisible physical and mental impairments that substantially limit one or more major life activities. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Nov 2025 16:04:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2625813</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>