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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Synthesizing Microtransit and Fixed Route Transit via Rider Hand Off to Improve Transit Efficiency</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2640190</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Microtransit programs can improve local mobility, but they often operate separately from fixed route bus networks. This separation can create gaps in connectivity and reduce the potential efficiency of both systems. This project will study how rider hand off strategies, where microtransit vehicles bring passengers directly to fixed route transit, can strengthen system performance. Using data from CTtransit, microtransit logs, and synthetic demand models, the research will simulate multimodal operations and evaluate how pickup schedules and transfer points influence wait times, travel times, and network utilization.

The project will develop an optimization framework to identify operating strategies that improve rider transfers and increase the efficiency of both modes. Scenario testing will measure the effects of integration on cost, ridership patterns, and service quality. The results will provide agencies with practical guidance on how to coordinate microtransit and fixed route services in ways that improve reliability and expand access to transit. These findings can support broader efforts to enhance mobility in Connecticut and inform similar initiatives in other regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Dec 2025 13:47:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2640190</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding Transit User Experience and Expectations in Under-served Communities</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2292690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wait times for transit have been shown by researchers, and in practice, to be onerous for riders. Though transit agencies invest in capital improvements such as bus stop amenities, the consensus view is that such capital investments do little to improve how people experience wait time at bus stops. Different cohorts of the population – such as women, older adults, children who travel independently on transit, people with disabilities, and people of color – may experience the same bus stop differently based on when they are waiting for a bus. This temporal aspect may be related to the time of day (e.g., late morning versus late evening), might be seasonal (e.g., summer versus winter), or linked to days with extreme weather (e.g., >80 F or below <40 F). We ask: which capital improvements have the biggest return on investment at bus stops that might reduce the negative experience of waiting for transit?

Methodologically, by relying on video/phone-based interviews with transit experts across the United States, we are interested in learning agency-side responses to effective investments at bus stops, including constraints that agencies face. We will also conduct a series of focus groups and/or interviews with bus riders, particularly those in low-income and under-served communities, to hear transit experiences and learn about the specific needs of riders. This work will be conducted in the Denver region in coordination with the Regional Transportation District. Based on this body of evidence, we will design and implement a national-wide survey, built on a choice-experiment framework, that will test tradeoffs between operational improvements (e.g., increasing frequency), various types of bus top investments (e.g., shelters, benches, ADA-compliant ramps, real time information, lighting, safety call buttons, cameras, among others), and other programmatic investments (e.g., fare-free transit). We will vary the weather attributes in the choice set to seek better insights from riders who experience daily and seasonal variations differently than automobile travelers. This approach will control respondents’ preference ordering as well as internal contradictory among preferences. By asking respondents to evaluate trade-offs, the results will better speak to preferences as well as facilitate a weighted economic benefit analysis where we can score preferences based on dollars spent. By trying to decipher how various investments impact the value of wait time, we will create a generalizable set of findings that can apply across various situations and contexts. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 16:41:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2292690</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Passenger Ferry Feasibility Study ‐ Other Routes</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1765398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The North Carolina Ferry Division operates vessels on seven routes along the eastern coast of North Carolina – including a new passenger ferry on the Hatteras-Ocracoke route.  The routes serve diverse populations, ranging from routes with substantial tourist/visitor customers to routes with primarily daily commuters.  The primary objectives of the proposed project are to (1) quantify the benefits and impacts of the new passenger ferry from Hatteras to Ocracoke and (2) explore the feasibility of passenger ferry opportunities at other locations (existing or new routes).
This research team is well-equipped to perform the work necessary to deliver an implementable solution for the Ferry Division.  This team includes experts with extensive knowledge of the ferry system with an on-going research project to investigate wait times at ferry terminals and a recent completed project to study the economic impact of each route.  Additionally, this team includes members who investigated the feasibility of the new Hatteras-Ocracoke passenger ferry route in addition to team members who understand connections between the multimodal network of eastern North Carolina.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2021 08:51:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1765398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Inference of Transit Passenger Counts and Waiting Time Using Wi-Fi Signals</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1752378</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Passenger data such as real-time origin-destination (OD) flows and waiting times are central to planning public transportation services and improving visitor experience. This project explored the use of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology to infer transit ridership and waiting time at bus stops.  Specifically, this study explored the use of Raspberry Pi computers, which are small and inexpensive sets of hardware, to scan the Wi-Fi networks of passengers’ smartphones. The process was used to infer passenger counts and obtain information on passenger trajectories based on Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The research was conducted as a case study of the Streamline Bus System in Bozeman, Montana.  To evaluate the reliability of the data collected with the Raspberry Pi computers, the study conducted technology-based estimation of ridership, OD flows, wait time, and travel time for a comparison with ground truth data (passenger surveys, manual data counts, and bus travel times).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2020 17:19:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1752378</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and Demonstration of Pedestrian Waiting Time
Countdown at Pedestrian Activated Signals</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1715598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In response to the increasing concerns of pedestrian compliance and safety at intersection/roadway crossings, this study intends to investigate all critical human-factors issues and intersection-design features that may collectively trigger some pedestrians to ignore the pedestrian-activated signals during intersection/roadway crossing. All identified key factors will subsequently serve as the input information for design and evaluation of a Pedestrian-Waiting-Time Countdown (PWTC) at pedestrian-activated signals. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2020 13:15:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1715598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Border Wait Time System</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1512089</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This effort will support the establishment of a border crossing measuring system for commercial vehicles at the Santa Teresa/San Jeronimo LPOE in New Mexico.  The border crossing measuring system will include the installation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) equipment at the port of entry as well as the development and implementation of a data collection and dissemination tool.  The cost of the implementation and execution of the commercial vehicle Border Crossing and Wait Times Analysis includes the:  concept of operations, implementation plan, installation of equipment, implementation of the data system, and providing an analysis/final report on the system.  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2018 13:24:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1512089</guid>
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