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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Enhancing Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety and Compliance: Evaluating The Aries Pilot and Illegal Bypass Behavior in Oregon</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2726122</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Illegal bypass of weigh stations and roadside inspection facilities poses a measurable safety and compliance risk within Oregon’s commercial motor vehicle (CMV) system. When vehicles evade inspection, potential violations such as overweight operations, equipment deficiencies, and hours-of-service noncompliance may go undetected, increasing crash exposure and infrastructure damage risk. Oregon Department of Transportation's (ODOT’s) Commerce and Compliance Division (CCD) currently lacks a standardized, integrated methodology to quantify illegal bypass behavior or link bypass events to inspection outcomes, crash involvement, and carrier safety history.
OBJECTIVES: This research will deliver to ODOT: (1) A standardized and replicable data integration framework linking ARIES pilot data with CCD inspection, violation, crash, and carrier safety records. (2) Measurable and trackable performance indicators to support ongoing internal monitoring of illegal bypass activity and automated enforcement effectiveness. (3) Quantitative analysis of the magnitude, characteristics, and safety implications of illegal bypass behavior in Oregon. (4) Evaluation of ARIES pilot impacts on compliance rates, inspection targeting efficiency, enforcement productivity, and CMV safety outcomes. (5) Implementation guidance and best-practice recommendations to inform strategic investment decisions, future site deployments, and FMCSA Innovative Technology Deployment (ITD) funding applications.
This research will strengthen ODOT’s ability to detect and deter illegal bypass behavior, directly advancing Oregon’s transportation safety goals. By integrating ARIES data with inspection and crash records, CCD will be able to target high-risk vehicles more effectively, reduce unnecessary inspections of compliant carriers, and improve enforcement productivity. The project supports ODOT priorities related to Safety, Innovative Technologies, Process Improvement, and Stewardship of Public Resources by providing measurable evidence to guide enforcement modernization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 17:24:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2726122</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Synthesis: Prevention of Unauthorized Freeway Exits and Entrances</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2420102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT's) I-20 Corridor Study includes a major safety goal to mitigate illegal ramp crossings between frontage roads and main lines. Illegal crossings on controlled access roadways occur in several TxDOT districts, in other states and countries. TxDOT leadership and law enforcement have emphasized during TV news broadcasts that illegal crossing have resulted in crashes, caused damage to grassy medians, caused fires if grass is dry, resulted in vehicles becoming stuck in mud or soft soils. Illegal crossings are made by motorists to bypass traffic back-ups due to an accident, roadway construction, peak-hour traffic congestion, or to access a frontage road business that is not near a ramp. The research team will identify and assess methods to deter illegal crossings through a literature review, a national survey of DOTs and local transportation agencies, and a survey of TxDOT districts. District site visits will further help determine the causes of illegal crossings including an assessment of adjacent land use, spacing of ramps, number of illegal crossings, and an evaluation of deterrent efficiency. This information will be used to develop an Outline of a Recommended Plan to implement deterrents.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 12:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2420102</guid>
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      <title>Enhancing V2X Security: A Cryptographic Key Self-Distributed Protocol for
Resilient V2V Communication</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2301349</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ We propose a novel cryptographic key self-distributed Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication protocol that enables each vehicle to independently generate its own cryptographic keys, thereby eliminating the reliance on a centralized authority. The secure exchange of these keys is facilitated through the use of group signatures, which authenticate a vehicle’s identity and ensure the secure distribution of communication keys. Furthermore, our protocol assigns a unique communication key to each vehicle, effectively mitigating the risk of spoofing attacks. To enhance security, we also integrate a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) for executing the protocol and securely storing exchanged keys. As a result, our protocol satisfies key security properties, including integrity, confidentiality, and anonymity, while providing a robust framework for secure V2V communication. The need for such a protocol arises from the increasing integration of advanced technologies, such as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) and smart traffic lights, into vehicles and infrastructure (e.g., Roadside Units, RSUs). These technologies aim to stabilize traffic flow and reduce the likelihood of accidents by facilitating the exchange of crucial information, such as speed and location, between nearby vehicles (V2V) or between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). However, the inherent communication processes in these systems introduce significant security concerns, including privacy breaches and susceptibility to various cyberattacks. Existing communication protocols utilize cryptographic algorithms to ensure essential security properties like confidentiality and anonymity, but they still face critical vulnerabilities.
Most current V2V communication protocols rely on a centralized approach for securely exchanging cryptographic keys, following a typical sequence of steps: 1) A centralized authority, such as an RSU, generates cryptographic keys; 2) Vehicles receive these keys and send their identities back to the centralized authority; 3) The authority then provides a shared communication key to the vehicles; 4) Vehicles use this key for secure communication with each other. This centralized approach, however, presents several challenges. For example, if the centralized authority fails (e.g., due to an outage), vehicles are unable to exchange the necessary keys, leading to a single point of failure. Additionally, if an attacker compromises the shared communication key, they can inject malicious messages, potentially causing disruptions or accidents.
Our proposed protocol addresses these challenges by removing the dependency on a centralized authority and utilizing a decentralized approach that leverages group signatures and TEEs. This novel design facilitates rapid key exchange and secure communication, enabling vehicles to manage urgent situations effectively while maintaining a resilient and secure vehicular communication network.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2023 18:46:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2301349</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Creating a Data Resource of California Police Stops for Use in Traffic Safety Applications</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2229363</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic stops are one the most common ways in which the American public interacts with police. Although one of the leading reasons given for police traffic stops is a violation of the vehicle code, there is limited and mixed research on the impact of traditional police traffic enforcement on traffic safety outcomes. At present, few large data resources with an appropriate level of detail exist to facilitate investigations of this type. The 2015 Racial and Identity Profiling Act (RIPA) requires all law enforcement agencies in California to collect and submit vehicle (including bicycle) and pedestrian stop data to the State Department of Justice annually, starting no later than 2022. This project will use 2018-2022 confidential RIPA stop data to categorize all police traffic stops using known risk factors for fatal and severe collisions and to create new variables relevant to traffic safety, yielding a standardized statewide data set useful for examining and controlling for police traffic stops as they relate to traffic safety outcomes. Further, the research team will both establish clear guidance for how to process RIPA data efficiently for future data releases and will also will geospatially join the processed RIPA data files with traditional transportation and land use data sources using stop location so that this data resource can be made available to others for future research. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Aug 2023 08:10:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2229363</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a System to Report School Bus Stop-Arm Violations</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1917687</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The proposed work will establish and evaluate a system for collecting counts and descriptions of school bus stop arm violations to provide timely and actionable data that will increase pupil safety through improved safety practices and proactive enhancements to enforcement and education efforts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 2022 11:46:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1917687</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Drugged Driving Investigations and Sanction</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1656465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of this project are to (1) document the relationship between type of impaired driving law and law enforcement investigations for drugged driving, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of a Driving Under the Influence of Drugs other than alcohol (DUID) sanction. The project will obtain and examine archival data relevant to DUID enforcement (specifically, of investigations of suspected drugged driving violations and sanctions for drugged driving violations) in up to six jurisdictions and report the findings. The project also will examine the sanction(s) used for DUID in the selected jurisdictions. The sanctions used for alcohol-impaired driving violations and DUID violations are often the same. Common sanctions include treatment, imprisonment, fines, intensive monitoring, restitution, education, and community service. The sanctions to study could be common or could be unique or novel. The outcome of this project will assist States in determining how best to address drug-impaired driving enforcement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Oct 2019 15:51:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1656465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Portable and Integrated Multi-Sensor System for Data- Driven Performance Evaluation of Urban Transportation Networks</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1425030</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In urban areas, obstructions of traffic such as double parking, commercial vehicle deliveries, pedestrian jaywalking, taxi pick-ups and drop-offs, are potential impediments to road capacity and vehicular speed, and causes traffic delay as well as safety risks. In 2014, double parking violation had 502,082 ticketed cases in New York City according to New York City Department of Finance (NYCDOF) records. New York City and many urban areas need to keep track of the impacts of these violations on their transportation system as well as on the residents of the city. Hence there is a strong need to develop robust methodologies to monitor these activities and analyze their potential impacts that can be in the form of longer travel times, crashes, emissions, or noise pollution. Due to the advances in sensors and computing, obtaining information related to the parking, individual vehicle or pedestrian trajectories has become remarkably feasible. Video cameras coupled with computer vision algorithms can provide very accurately, detect, track and classify vehicles. Similarly relatively inexpensive mobile sensors for measuring noise and emission levels have also become commercially available. However, integrated inexpensive multi-sensor solutions that combine these sensing solutions are not yet commercially available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 2016 16:46:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1425030</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Video Collection of Traffic Violations for Public Education and Regulatory Changes</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1423762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[North Carolina has become one of the most sought after states to live in recent years as a result of job growth and affordable housing. This has inevitably resulted in substantial growth in traffic volumes and sometimes even a fast-paced, competitive lifestyle. Unfortunately, a possible consequence is more and more unsafe driving, particularly in areas where congestion is an issue. Legislators are often placed in the difficult position of having to ensure the safety of the driving public through unpopular legislation, such as red light cameras and automated speed enforcement. Likewise, the general public often does not fully understand the reasoning behind such legislation, assuming that lawmakers are simply trying to increase revenue for government spending, and not truly just trying to keep the public safe.

This project will initially serve as a proof of concept and will provide legislators, law enforcement, and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) with actual footage of dangerous events at known problem areas across Raleigh, North Carolina. Having a database of specific events at intersections and road segments across the capital city will provide legislators a tool with which to educate the general public when legislation is being considered that is unpopular to citizens of the state. This database will also provide law enforcement and the NCDOT the opportunity to adequately train police officers and engineers on what to look for regarding enforcement and design, respectively, at various known or suspected problem areas with respect to road geometry, signal operations, crosswalk configurations, etc.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2016 16:32:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1423762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Investigation of Pedestrian Signals to Reduce Intersection Crashes and Red Light Violations for Elderly Drivers</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1414807</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Signalized intersections are designed to reduce the number of traffic conflicts by separating conflicting movements at an intersection. However, signalized intersections are known to have high likelihood of crash occurrences compared to other sections of the roadway. Decisions made by the drivers who are in dilemma zone are sometimes aided by upstream warning signals. Pedestrian signals have the potential of serving as warning signals as pedestrian green time coincides with the green time for corresponding traffic movement. For the elderly drivers, the decision making process is crucial since their perception reaction is longer than the average perception reaction time experienced by younger drivers. This study wishes to investigate the potential of utilizing pedestrian signals as warning signals and their impacts on driver's perception reaction time, specifically the elderly. This study will analyze intersections in Florida with different types of pedestrian signals and evaluate their effectiveness as it pertains to movement of traffic to assist with the reduction of crashes especially elderly crashes and red light violations. Additionally, the study will utilize questionnaire survey to gain insight of how drivers utilize pedestrian signals as warning signals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jul 2016 12:41:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1414807</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling Violations in High-Occupancy Toll Lane Studies</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1230405</link>
      <description><![CDATA[States are increasingly looking to high occupancy toll (HOT) lane facilities to improve mobility and reduce congestion for travelers and shippers using the nation&amp;rsquo;s freeway corridors. While continuous access to HOV lanes is standard practice, due to existing toll collection technologies, access to HOT lanes must be more limited. Physical barriers in the form of concrete barricades or plastic pylons, for example, are often constructed to ensure compliance with rules for accessing HOT lanes. Increasingly, however, nonbarrier separation techniques are employed for this purpose. Such techniques may be used where the necessary space required for physical barrier separation and police activities required for enforcement is limited or construction and maintenance costs of such barriers is prohibitive. Nonbarrier separation methods, as a result, have become more common. Nonbarrier separation methods, however, permit nearly unlimited improper ingress/egress to/from the managed lanes. These violations impact free-flow speeds of both managed and general purpose lanes. Additionally, violations have a negative impact on revenue. Even with significant enforcement, violation rates related to non-barrier separated managed lanes in the U.S. are considerable. Despite this, no prior model developed for the purpose of predicting improvements in travel speeds and other traffic performance metrics and the potential revenue that can be raised through the introduction of a new HOT lane facility within an existing roadway or to assess potential practicable operational strategies and facility designs has incorporated this violation behavior. This research effort will seek to assess the importance of this omission. Specifically, the proposed research effort will quantify the impact of the various types of violations associated with HOT lanes on estimates of travel speeds and other traffic metrics obtained through simulation modeling of proposed HOT lane facility designs and determine the criticality of modeling such violations in conducting studies of proposed HOT lane facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 13:59:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1230405</guid>
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