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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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      <title>Wind Turbulence-Structure Interaction and Aeroelastic Instability for Long-Span Flexible Girder Systems</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1877211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[NOTE The project is combined with NCHRP 20-07/Task 325 Updating the AASHTO LRFD Wind Loads Provisions]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Sep 2021 17:17:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1877211</guid>
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      <title>Measurement of Turbulent Flow Characteristics and Bed Shear Stress in Laboratory Soil Erosion Tests</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1600834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this research project is to measure the characteristics of turbulent flow over an eroding soil sample in an erosion function apparatus (EFA) type facility. A gravel bed will be installed in an open-channel flume to produce fully developed turbulent flow over a rough bed. The turbulent flow will pass over a prepared soil sample housed in a floor recess. The velocity profile over the gravel bed and the soil sample will be measured using a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. PIV measurements will also be conducted with the soil sample replaced by a smooth bed to provide a baseline for comparison purpose. The measured data will be used to quantify the effects of surface roughness and depth of the soil erosion on the induced bed shear stress and soil erosion rates. The outcome of this experimental investigation will be an improved laboratory setup for measuring soil erodibility. A future extension of this project would use the improved EFA facility to develop a soil erodibility chart for South Dakota soils. This information should be useful for assessing the susceptibility of soil erosion and scour in highway projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Apr 2019 16:44:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1600834</guid>
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      <title>Development of New Design Guidelines for Protection Against Erosion at Bridge Abutments and Embankments - Phase I</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1501768</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over the last two decades, the US Midwest has experienced increasingly catastrophic flood events. Severe erosion problems occurred even though the erosion protection design measures for the bridge piers, bridge abutments and their embankments followed the existing guidelines (e.g., as outlined in Hydraulic Engineering Circular HEC-23 2001 and following updates - 2009). Researchers suspect this is because the methodology proposed to estimate design variables in scour protection measure formulas (e.g., size of rip rap stone) at such sites is oversimplified, and the calibration of these formulas is based on a limited series of laboratory experiments conducted for a limited range of the relevant geometrical and flow parameters that control erosion at such bridge sites. The main tasks of this research are: (1) Check performance of existing guidelines for rip-rap sizing at spill-through (e.g., Figure 1a) and wing-wall abutments adopted by HEC-23 and the Set Back Ratio method for estimating abutment velocity for design equations as described in NCRHRP 24-23 and 24-18. The simulations will cover the relevant range of the main geometrical and flow parameters (e.g., Reynolds numbers covering lab and field scale conditions, abutment length, distance between the abutment toe and the main channel bank, flow depth over the floodplain, slope of the abutment face) needed for estimating the performance of the design formulas recommended by HEC-23. (2) Propose a correction coefficient to account for turbulence effects to be incorporated in the design formula, similar to the approach used in HEC-23 for pier design. (3) Check if design formula for rip-rap sizing at spill-through and wing-wall abutments are conservative enough, once these formulas are used for conditions outside their calibration range. If such cases are identified, make recommendations in terms of extension of rip-rap protected region and/or increase of the mean diameter of rip-rap stone.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Feb 2018 14:54:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1501768</guid>
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      <title>Develop a Formula for Determining Scour Depth around Structures in Gravel-bed Rivers</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1467500</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Scour is the result of the erosive action of flowing water, entraining and removing boundary material from channel beds and/or banks and around bridge foundations. In gravel-bed rivers the interaction of the heterogeneous, large gravel particles with the approaching flow can generate coherent turbulent structures in the flow. In addition to increasing the shear stress applied by the flow onto the bed, these structures create a highly variable bed shear stress field increasing the gravel-bed mobility compromising bridge foundation integrity. 
 
The majority of the formulas used in current engineering practice for predicting scour depth around bridge foundations have been developed for sand-bed rivers, which are characterized by near-uniform bed material. Parameters such as the heterogeneity of bed material have been excluded from their formulations, and the empirical coefficients appearing in these formulas have been derived from laboratory experiments conducted with near uniform sand-sized sediment. When applied in gravel-bed rivers, these formulas significantly overestimate the scour depth. The research methodology accounted for the unique characteristics of gravel-bed rivers to minimize significant scour depth prediction errors. NCHRP Research Report 1031 provides a deployable methodology to predict scour at new bridge foundations and evaluate scour at existing bridge foundations in gravel-bed rivers. 
 ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 May 2017 09:14:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1467500</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Integrated Avionics Technology Development</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1360995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of the project is to address two issues that are specifically related to communication, navigation and surveillance. The JUP program is primarily a student-driven program. Faculty and staff researchers act as advisors and mentors to the undergraduate and graduate students who are conducting the research. The three major tasks proposed for year 1 are: (1) feasibility of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) in Commercial Space Flight Operations;( 2) Applications of ADS-B to Wake Turbulence Avoidance; and (3) Enhance distance measuring equipment (DME) in support of Alternative Position, Navigation, and Timing (APNT).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2015 01:01:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1360995</guid>
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