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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
    <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Enhancing Chain-Up Infrastructure and Compliance in Utah's Mountain Corridors: A Data-Driven Evaluation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2655751</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project evaluates chain-up infrastructure and traction-device compliance in Utah's mountain corridors, focusing on how roadway geometry, winter operations, and driver behavior affect chain-up performance during storm events. Using geospatial analysis, operational data, and field-informed insights, the study identifies locations where existing chain-up facilities may be undersized, poorly situated, or constrained by topography. The project also develops artificial intelligence (AI)-generated videos that explain operational challenges, noncompliance impacts, and potential improvement strategies to both practitioners and the traveling public. Project findings will inform infrastructure upgrades, policy refinements, and improved communication practices, with methods and products readily transferable to mountain corridors in other western states.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 2026 17:04:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2655751</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reinforcement Mechanism of Articulating Concrete Mats (ACMs) and Geosynthetic Fabric for the Design of Highway Embankment in Coastal Louisiana </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646938</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Coastal highway embankments differ significantly from conventional highway embankments or levees due to their exposure to hurricanes and tropical storms. These events generate substantial hydrodynamic wave pressures that must be considered in design. Reinforcing soil fills at different elevations with geosynthetics is a common approach, but doing so effectively requires research that enhances existing design methods and clarifies their underlying rationale. Design elements such as tensile forces, reinforcement length, and vertical spacing depend on understanding the mechanical behavior of these materials under extreme loading.  

Because coastal embankments are subjected to wave pressures from storms with defined return periods, engineers must account for the maximum hydrodynamic loads these storms generate. In particular, the unique reinforcement roles of geosynthetics and articulating concrete mats (ACMs) must be thoroughly understood to optimize the design. Key factors include ACM layer thickness, the number and arrangement of non-woven geotextile separator layers, and failure modes such as tensile rupture and pull-out resistance in geogrids and woven geotextiles.  

Building on the results from Southern Plains Transportation Center (SPTC)-funded Cycles 1 and 2, this project will use experimental and numerical methods to evaluate the behavior of geosynthetic reinforcements placed at various elevations within embankment fills. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how these materials fail under load and how their performance changes with elevation and storm intensity. In addition to continuing the work from earlier phases, this project will also assess the seepage-reduction capabilities of non-woven geotextiles and the surface stabilization benefits of ACMs applied to embankment slopes.  

Large-scale direct shear testing will be conducted to analyze both tensile rupture and pull-out failure mechanisms in conditions representative of coastal environments. Seepage and slope stability analyses will complement this testing to evaluate the combined performance of ACMs and geotextile separators under storm loading.  

The findings from this research will help validate and refine current design guidelines for coastal highway embankments that incorporate geosynthetics and ACM armor. The study will also contribute to a deeper understanding of conventional geosynthetic failure mechanisms in coastal applications. Ultimately, the research will yield practical, implementable steps for assessing both internal and external stability in coastal embankment design.  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 22:35:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646938</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Desertification Process Investigation on Lordsburg Playa </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2480358</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Lordsburg Playa in New Mexico is a recognized global hotspot for dust storms, contributing to 17 crash fatalities on I-10 in the area since 2014. In recent years, extreme weather events have contributed to alterations in vegetation and weather dynamics, further influencing the frequency and intensity of dust events in the region. In response to the pressing need for improved traffic safety, the New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) has implemented static and electronic message boards, a quicker warning system (i.e., the National Weather Service alerts, social media notifications, and website updates), rapid highway closures, and mitigation programs under the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) to revegetate the Lordsburg Playa area. While these initiatives have been very successful to date, NMDOT remains interested in exploring the relationships between desertification (caused by factors, such as drought, cattle grazing, and moisture loss) and the frequency of dust storms. Research like this could offer valuable insights into the factors influencing dust storms and desertification. By understanding these relationships, NMDOT can develop more effective safety measures to protect both drivers and the environment.
To enhance traffic safety in the Lordsburg Playa area, the research project aims to leverage longitudinal satellite imagery for an in-depth analysis of desertification and its connection to dust storms. The goal of this research is to thoroughly investigate historical satellite imagery, such as Landsat and MODIS, climate data, such as precipitation and temperature data, and other data, such as greenness maps to reveal the connection between the desertification process and the frequency of dust storm activity in the Lordsburg Playa area. Specifically, this research focuses on addressing the following questions: how changes in vegetation and climate over time influence the dynamics of dust storms in the Lordsburg Playa area, and how information on vegetation and extreme weather events can be used to predict dust storms.
Given the volume and format of the satellite data, climate data, and additional data, such as greenness maps involved in this study, the primary objective is to develop an automated analytical workflow that indicates to qualified data analysts or transportation engineers where and when a dust storm event may happen, along with its potential sources. The most effective way to present this information is through a web application that integrates all the data and analytical processes, displaying comprehensive results. Another objective is to promote workforce development on the use of remote sensing technologies for transportation infrastructure management and environmental management, and ultimately, improving the safety and durability and extending the life of transportation.
The tasks involved in this project include: Task 1: Literature review of dust storms and desertification on the Lordsburg Playa; Task 2: Acquire Landsat satellite imagery, climate data, and other data; Task 3: Develop an automated coarse-scale dust storm alarm; Task 4: Conduct a medium-scale analysis of potential dust sources; Task 5: Develop guidebook for toolset implementation and final report, and Task 6: Technology Transfer.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 16:47:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2480358</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing Effectiveness of Pond Sediment Removal for Phosphorus Management in Stormwater Ponds</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2387527</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stormwater ponds are plentiful in Minnesota and can be useful in treating stormwater runoff. Some ponds, however, can re-release phosphorus. This project will investigate the effectiveness of sediment removal in improving stormwater quality and reducing phosphorus downstream. It will also explore if sediment should be treated to reduce phosphorus release during dredging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jun 2024 09:25:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2387527</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating Real Storms and the Impact of Potential Climate Change Adaptations</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2387094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previous work on extreme storms has focused on changes in the 24-hour precipitation depth. The storm intensity, the distribution of rainfall, and antecedent conditions are also important for urban stormwater management. Changes in the precipitation distribution upon which infrastructure was designed determines the risk communities encumber with respect to flooding, property damage, and human safety. The research team propose to quantify trends across Minnesota in storm intensity, storm duration, and distribution of rainfall over a range of time periods to re-evaluate the assumptions for design storms. The proposed research will also investigate the change in infiltration through pervious surfaces and other green infrastructure in response to re-evaluated extreme storm intensity and distribution of rainfall. In addition, different watershed adaptation strategies will be evaluated for relative performance and cost, with a focus on strategies sensitive to precipitation intensity, such as infiltration in pervious areas. The objectives of the proposed research are to (1) quantify stormwater system vulnerability to flooding for a range of re-evaluated precipitation maximum storm intensity, storm duration, and distribution of rainfall and (2) quantify the relative efficacy and costs of green infrastructure and conventional engineering adaptation approaches to mitigate flooding as contrasted in three communities exhibiting different growth patterns, forms of stormwater networks, and in differing climate regions of Minnesota. The proposed project will use modeling and data to improve forecasting of the magnitude of impacts from extreme weather events, understand impacts to transportation infrastructure holistically when facing climate change, and assess flood management strategies on a systemic level to clarify best practices for roadway and road-adjacent infrastructure resilience.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2024 12:05:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2387094</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating North Carolina Bridge Vulnerability and Resilience Feasibility to Coastal Storms and Sea Level Rise</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2236942</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate research indicates that there will be more intense and frequent storms, and the sea level will continue to rise in the next century. There are more than 1000 bridges in 20 coastal counties in North Carolina. These bridges are critical components of North Carolina’s infrastructure system that supports the transportation of goods and people. However, many bridges are subject to coastal storms, damaging waves, and rising sea levels due to their proximity to coastal waters and relatively low ground elevations. This project aims to assess the status quo of North Carolina bridge vulnerability to coastal storms and a projected sea level rise in the next 50 to 100 years and identify possible solutions to enhance bridge resilience to coastal hazards. 


The project consists of three major steps: assessing vulnerability, defining resilience criteria, and identifying improvement options. The research team will start by determining bridge vulnerability to coastal storms and sea level rise. This project will utilize simulated design water levels and wave parameters from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)  South Atlantic Coastal Study (SACS) to calculate wave loads. SACS was a four-year $18.4 million study that aimed to identify risks and vulnerabilities of coastal areas to increased hurricane and storm damage due to sea level rise. The correct evaluation of bridge vulnerability requires the determination of wave loads on structures. To this end, the team will use the USDOT FHWA HEC-25 3rd edition “Highways in the Coastal Environment.” Once the bridge vulnerability is assessed, the team will define bridge resilience criteria to coastal storms and sea level rise based on engineering practice in North Carolina and other coastal states in the USA. Furthermore, the team will examine each vulnerable bridge and provide possible solutions or recommendations for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) and its stakeholder for project implementation.


This project is expected to deliver several research products. (1) A new design guide on bridge vulnerability to coastal storms and a sea level rise corresponding to USACE high scenario projection for 2070 and USACE intermediate scenario projection for 2120. (2) A bridge resilience feasibility study defining North Carolina bridge resilience criteria and providing site-specific recommendations for possible improvement options. (3) A 2-day technology transfer training workshop on coastal bridge vulnerability analysis facilitating NCDOT to implement project products. 

The project will have both short-term and long-term benefits for NCDOT. In the short term, the new bridge vulnerability guide will provide an up-to-date assessment of bridge vulnerability to coastal storms in North Carolina. The information will assist NCDOT in planning for bridge upgrading and maintenance. In addition, the bridge resilience feasibility using a projected sea level rise for the next 50 to 100 years will help NCDOT and its stakeholders make an informed decision on infrastructure planning and development in order to adopt climate change and sea level rise in the long run.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Aug 2023 09:16:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2236942</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Incorporating Precipitation Data into Geotechnical Asset Management.</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2118359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the implementation of geohazard warning systems based on precipitation has gained increasing attention from government officials, decision-makers, and the general public to improve decision-making for resilience planning and response for storm events. The active publication of several precipitation-based datasets presents an opportunity for integration with spatial LiDAR terrain data, and subsurface soil mapping. The Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (MDOT SHA) maintains thousands of cut slopes, embankments, rock slopes and bridge approach embankments; and often respond to repair resulting highway slope instability after significant storm events. It is important that unacceptable slope distresses are recognized in a timely manner for appropriate maintenance and repair. Early identification of slope instability can be crucial for improving resilience by reducing and mitigating the risk of infrastructure damage, along with economic and social damages caused by storm events. Notifications of elevated risk would allow MDOT SHA engineers to assess slopes along the transportation network in a targeted manner based on the amount of precipitation recorded daily.  This research will help identify relevant precipitation-based data sources, recommend appropriate thresholds for integration with condition assessment data, and for notifications which to assist MDOT SHA with prioritizing geotechnical field slope conditions inspections.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Feb 2023 14:55:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2118359</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHMSA/Sandia IAA: Geo Magnetic Impacts to Pipelines</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2093150</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The IAA is intended to evaluate the ability for Oil and Natural Gas pipeline infrastructure to continue safe operations following a Geomagnetic Disturbance Event.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jan 2023 13:53:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2093150</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Predicting Resilience and Reducing Failure of SCMs to Extreme Storm Events</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2003587</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The state of North Carolina has been struck by several extreme rainfall events over the past few years, which have caused failures in stormwater infrastructure (including but not limited to Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs) regulated under the Department’s NPDES stormwater permits (NCS000250)). While SCMs are designed to treat runoff, their principal focus has been treating moderately sized rain storms. How these SCMs fared during larger events, and the restorative maintenance efforts associated with SCM damage is a significant concern for North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT).
The Department has a substantial investment in stormwater management assets with over 1900 SCMs having been constructed to treat runoff from roadways, bridges, rest areas, and maintenance yards across the state. Moreover downstream stormwater infrastructure is protected by SCMs (e.g., swales and other conveyance channels). Fortunately, NCDOT has conducted quantitative monitoring of several of these SCMs installed as part of its NPDES permit-required Retrofit Program. NCDOT would benefit understanding at what storm size do typically designed SCMs no longer provided hydrologic mitigation. At what point do SCMs likely fail with significant structural degradation (both to the SCM and downstream) that would lead to costly reconstructive repair? Moreover, are there simple retrofits to existing SCMs (or design features for to-be-built SCMs) that can enhance or extend hydrologic mitigation and reduce the chances of failure?​]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Aug 2022 08:37:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2003587</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating the Efficacy of Natural and Nature-based Features to Increase the Service Life of Coastal Roadways</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1948616</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seven of the top ten costliest U.S. natural disasters are coastal events, with hurricanes alone
causing $23.5 billion in damage annually to infrastructure. Moreover, rising sea levels will amplify
transportation infrastructure vulnerability to coastal storms, nuisance flooding, and wave actions,
especially towards pavement infrastructure which are critical based on the mileage of the
intermodal transportation network that connects communities, waterways, ports, and rail. To
protect pavement infrastructure from flooding, the state-of-practice involves hard (grey)
structures, raising roadway elevations, reinforcing infrastructure, and relocating roadways further
inland. In the last decade, federal agencies such as NOAA, FHWA, and USACE have led an
initiative to explore the design and integration of natural and nature-based features (NNBFs) in
increasing the resilience of transportation infrastructure while providing ecosystem benefits.
Natural features are existing ecosystems that include coastal marshes and wetlands, dune and
beach systems, oyster and coral reefs, forests, coastal rivers and floodplains, and barrier islands
that provide multiple benefits to communities, such as storm protection through wave attenuation
or flood storage capacity and enhanced water services and security. In recent years, the FHWA
also began exploring NNBFs as innovative green infrastructure to protect coastal highways,
starting with an implementation guide and pilot studies. Before NNBFs can be effectively
transferred into practice in Louisiana, there is an important need to establish the level of flood
protection and economic metrics to compare NNBFs and grey infrastructure; and to assess the
long-term efficacy of NNBFs to protect transportation infrastructure under a range of flooding
scenarios. The overarching objective of this research project is to establish the level of flood
protection and economic metrics to compare natural and nature-based features (NNBFs) and
grey infrastructure; and to assess the long-term efficacy of NNBFs to protect transportation
infrastructure under a range of flooding scenarios. The objectives of this research project is to (1)
evaluate the damage to transportation infrastructure after Hurricane Ida, (2) evaluate the efficacy
of grey infrastructure and NNBFs to provide hurricane surge and wave protection, and (3) quantify
the potential economic benefits of NNBFs to its resiliency towards extreme events. Hurricane Ida
case studies near Port Fourchon and Grand Isle will be used as case studies to evaluate the
performance of roadway and bridge infrastructure, along with NNBFs (beach and dunes,
wetlands, and mangroves). The findings of this research will result in a better understanding of
natural and nature-based features for protecting of coastal transportation infrastructure systems
for the states in the South Central area and all other States as they are all prone to the adverse
effects of natural disasters. A final report will detail information on the methodology used for this
research and data acquisition of pertinent information for NNB natural disasters such as the
condition of flood control structures, power lines, street level conditions of roads, rising water
levels, number of damaged homes and waste debris piles, among many other.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 May 2022 11:20:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1948616</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nonstructural Approaches to Reduce Sediment and Pollutant Runoff from
Transportation Infrastructure in Urbanized Areas. (3.15)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1875103</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stormwater management is a critical component of transportation infrastructure and reduces sediments and pollutants delivered to waterways. The primary goal of this proposed study is to assess the performance and cost-benefit of including enhanced street cleaning program in a stormwater management plan. Conventional street cleaning programs consist of once or twice a year sweeping events. In contrast, an enhanced program incorporates road-surface and catch basin sampling results and meteorological data to determine an optimal frequency of street cleaning events. Enhanced street cleaning performance will be quantified as the mass of pollutants listed on the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) such as heavy metals (e.g., zinc), nutrients (e.g., phosphorous), sediments (e.g., sand), and contaminants of emerging concerns (microplastics and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances–PFAS) that could be removed and compared to those reported on conventional street cleaning practices. Additionally, information about littering such as plastics and cigarette waste will be collected to be used in outreach and public awareness activities. Costs and benefits will be determined based on the program’s cost compared to the increased water quality credits that could be obtained and the reduction of negative impacts on water bodies downstream to the hotspot area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2021 18:24:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1875103</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing the Impacts of Super Storm Flooding in the Transportation Infrastructure - Case Study: San Antonio, Texas</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1505470</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Data from governmental agencies shows a clear exponential growth in damages and costs due to extreme weather events in the U.S. Most critical infrastructure built in urban areas, including that for transportation and flood protection are designed to handle a design storm with a 1% probability of occurrence in one year or 100 years of return period. Superstorms are defined here as rainfall storm events with return periods higher than 100 years and have occurred lately in the U.S. In the absence of new hydrologic and hydraulic modeling frameworks as well as educational opportunities for the current and future generation of engineers, the impacts of super storms will only increase negatively affecting critical infrastructure, the economy, the environment and communities. Hence, the main goal of this project is to develop and apply a computational framework capable of predicting the impacts of super storms in the transportation infrastructure and evaluating flood protection strategies that alleviate some of the impacts in highly populated urban areas. The case study is the City of San Antonio, TX, which lays within a flood-prone region in Texas referred as the Flash Flood Alley. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Mar 2018 21:44:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1505470</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of an Early Warning Sensor and Network for Brown-out Conditions</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1316208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Addressing traffic safety issues stemming from dust storm visibility impairment will require a multi-pronged approach in the coming years that may include improved driver training to specifically address such circumstances, targeted commitment of resources to minimize the potential for such events (e.g., by surface treatment), and developing and implementing new engineering good practice measures. In the near-term, early warning sensor networks in specific portions of the roadway network where such events are known to occur could offer the most economical means to mitigate traffic accidents stemming from dust storms. This proposal is for the first phase of a two-phase project that will focus on developing and testing early warning systems for brown-out conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2014 01:00:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1316208</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ship Canal Stormwater Research Facility</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1227465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[WSDOT owns a facility for testing stormwater treatment packages. Operation is just underway, leveraging partnership funds from Seattle and Tacoma. This project would provide partial funding for more testing in 2003-05, and assumes additional partnership funds will be obtained. The intended result of the testing is improved ability to choose water quality treatments with higher benefits and lower costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 12:59:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1227465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improved Operations of Small Drains</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1227462</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Storage of runoff from roadway projects requires detention ponds and regulating outlet (drainage) structures. Many of these drains are small size orifices of an inch or less. Experience has shown that these small orifices are a maintenance problem due to clogging,, and detention ponds are not operating as designed. There is a decreased storage effect and downstream discharge beyond allowable levels. This project will combine field and lab work to find low cost methods of decreasing or eliminating clogging in small drains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 12:59:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1227462</guid>
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