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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Confinement Effect of Narrow Baseplates or Reaction Area on Anchor Breakout, Part 2
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1849173</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary objectives of this research project are: (1) Review and identify the effect of confinement of narrow baseplates or reaction area on screw anchors breakout resistance. (2) Determine the effect of anchor groups and configurations on the anchor breakout resistance. (3) Determine the failure mechanism and appropriate confinement modification factor of screw anchors used in various applications. (4) Determine the screw anchors' performance under cyclic loads. (5) Develop new Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Structures Design Guidelines criteria for screw anchors with confinement effects. (6) Develop modified FDOT Structures Design Guidelines criteria for adhesive anchors with confinement effects if necessary.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Apr 2021 15:52:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1849173</guid>
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      <title>Initial Analytical Investigation of Cantilever and Butterfly Steel Overhead Sign Trusses with Respect to Remaining Fatigue Life</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1736392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this study is to evaluate an estimate of the remaining life in cantilever and butterfly steel overhead sign trusses based on American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifications and to develop automated C# software that performs the following:
(1) Utilizes the Kansas wind speed database established during the earlier project (KSU-17-4) by extending it to every county in the state of Kansas.
(2) Computes the equivalent static wind loading for the fatigue analysis based on the galloping-induced cyclic loads, natural wind gust pressure and truck-induced gust pressure.
(3) Develops an interface to model cantilever and butterfly sign trusses in STAAD Pro.
(4) Drives STAAD Pro to analyze the various types of overhead sign trusses and generates the stress ranges corresponding to every structural component.
(5) Evaluates the remaining fatigue life for each steel component based on the damage accumulation accounted for through ratios of actual to ultimate cycle repetitions (Minor rule).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2020 13:15:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1736392</guid>
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      <title>Bridge Modal Identification via Video Processing and Quantification of Uncertainties (3.8)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1590593</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridges form a critical category of the U.S. transportation infrastructure, yet the current structural condition is only evaluated at “C+” according to the 2017 ASCE Infrastructure Report Card. In addition to the fact that 9.1% of the bridges in U.S. are structurally deficient, the bridges in New England are especially experiencing the burden of busy traffic and harsh wintery weather. There is a variety of factors that may affect the bridge dynamics and deteriorate the structures, such as creeping, corrosion, cyclic thermal loadings and accidental damages, and identification modal properties provides a global evaluation capability with rich physical meaning. However, this complicated scenario brings up the demanding in conducting the heterogeneous data acquisition and in-situ modal analysis, as well as quantifying the enormous amount of uncertainties that may come across.
The problem the project team is trying to solve is to adopt portable video cameras and by processing the acquired videos, bridge dynamic systems, especially full-field mode shapes will be extracted to enhance the status awareness.  The challenges exist while dealing with the rapidly changing environments and traffics, so that the statistical modeling is needed when interpreting the extracted information. 
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2019 09:43:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1590593</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Guidance on Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1467315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[NCHRP Synthesis 428: Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions (Matasovic and Hashash, 2011) revealed that 1D equivalent-linear analysis is the de facto standard for state DOT highway facilities at those locations where site-specific ground response analyses are conducted in accordance with provisions in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2014) and the AASHTO Design Guidelines for Seismic Bridge Design (2011). However, users have concerns about the applicability of equivalent-linear analyses for the cases for which site-specific response analyses are most useful (i.e., soft soil sites, liquefiable sites, and sites subjected to very strong shaking). While nonlinear 1D site response analyses are beginning to be used in practice to address these concerns, there is considerable uncertainty on how to employ and interpret the results of such analyses. To assist bridge and foundation designers, guidelines on the use and selection of 1D nonlinear software with pore water pressure generation and dissipation are needed for the effective and economical seismic design of all types of highway facilities.

Research was performed under NCHRP Project 12-114, “Guidance on Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation,” by Geo-Logic Associates, Inc. This research included developing guidelines for the selection and use of analytical methods for 1D nonlinear seismic site response analysis with pore water pressure generation to quantify the effects of site-specific conditions on earthquake ground response. The guidelines considered the following: (1) input parameters required for the analyses (e.g., site characterizations, seismic loading); (2) limitation, selection, and validation of analytical methods; (3) the process of model setup; and (4) how to review the models and use the results of the analytical methods.

In addition to NCHRP Research Report 1092, two deliverables are available on the National Academies Press website (nap.nationalacademies.org) by searching for NCHRP Research Report 1092: Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Guidelines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 May 2017 11:59:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1467315</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cyclic Performance Characterization of Large Diameter Steel Reinforcing Bars and Mechanical Couplers</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1441846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The large strain cyclic response characteristics of large diameter bars, such as size #18, and of the various mechanical splices used with them remains largely unknown. Large strain cyclic load testing of large diameter bars and of mechanical splices for these bars has proven difficult, and questions about the use of these bars in the construction of bridge piers remain unanswered. Large-diameter bars continuous or mechanically coupled, have been rarely used as longitudinal reinforcement in large-diameter bridge reinforced concrete piers in modern times in our state. California Department of Transportation's (Caltrans) has expressed interest in increasing the use of large diameter bars in the construction of bridge piers as one of many incentives to accelerate bridge construction in the State. More recently National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 698 has stated an urgent need to characterize large bars and their mechanical couplers under reverse cyclic loading. When using precast concrete construction or construction techniques aimed at accelerating the construction process, the mechanical splicing of these large diameter bars could be advantageous in some particular cases. The lack of knowledge about their cyclic load response, and in particular, of the fatigue life of the bars and of the various mechanical splices available continues to hamper widespread use of these large diameter bars.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Jan 2017 10:54:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1441846</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Behavior of Double-Skin Bridge Columns</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1320622</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research program aims to investigate the behavior of thin-wall circular hollow columns. Hollow core columns have lighter weight compared to columns having solid cross sections which rescue the seismic demand on the column and make it ideal candidate for accelerating bridge construction. In the past few years, several researchers explored the constructability of hollow core circular columns; however, confining the internal layer of flexural steel is a challenging issue. This project will investigate the behavior of thin-wall concrete cylinders having an outer fiber reinforced polymer tube and internally have a steel tube. Concrete cylinders having different void ratios and different types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) will be subjected to axial cyclic loads.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2014 01:00:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1320622</guid>
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      <title>Geosynthetic Reinforcement to Protect Underground Pipes against Damage from Construction and Traffic</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1251906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More than 5,000 significant pipe incidents happened in the United States from 1999 to 2009 that resulted in fatalities, injuries, and significant property damage and loss.  Of those serious incidents 25 percent were caused by excavation damage.  Therefore, protection of underground pipes against damage from construction and traffic are important and necessary.  Unfortunately, no effective method is available so far.  This research project will develop a technology using geosynthetic reinforcement to protect underground pipes (either existing or new pipes) against damage from construction or traffic.  The geosynthetic reinforcement is laid across the trench between the surface and the top of the pipe.  The objective of this research is to determine the level of protection provided to a flexible pipe by a geosynthetic layer.  The hypotheses are:  the geosynthetic reinforcement over a buried pipe will reduce the stresses and strains in a flexible pipe, caused by a penetrating (simulating excavation during construction) or dynamic surface load (simulating traffic). This research objective will be pursued at the CEAE Department at the University of Kansas using the large-scale geotechnical test box (3 m long x 2 m wide x 2 m high).  In this research, the following factors will be investigated: (1) type of backfill in trench (sand and gravel), (2) type of surface cover (sand and gravel); (3) mechanical properties of geosynthetic, (4) depth of geosynthetic, and (5) type of loading (penetrating and cyclic loading).  Earth pressure cells, displacement transducers, and strain gauges will be installed around or on the pipe and the geosynthetic to investigate the effects of the above influence factors. The successful completion of this research can advance the technology of using geosynthetic reinforcement to protect underground pipes, and potentially help engineers develop a system that can avoid catastrophes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Jun 2013 01:01:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1251906</guid>
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