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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
    <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of UHPC Shell Stay-in-Place Formwork and BCSA Cement Concrete Prestressed Girders</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646949</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Precast prestressed bridge girders are used for a large percentage of bridges in the United States. These bridges are susceptible to deterioration at the supports due to leaking expansion joints and end region cracking caused by high stresses at the beam ends. This project will evaluate the feasibility and structural performance of a hybrid precast, prestressed concrete girder system that utilizes an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) shell stay-in-place formwork or end region insert and rapid setting belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cement concrete. UHPC is a relatively recent advancement in cementitious composite materials with mechanical and durability properties far exceeding those of conventional concrete. This research is intended to address the concern of end region durability by encapsulating the girder concrete with a nearly impermeable layer of UHPC that is also resistant to cracking. The rapid setting of BCSA cement concrete and use of stay-in-place forms can increase the speed of production of the prestressed girders and BCSA cement concrete has reduced prestress losses over time.  

The research will consist of evaluating small-scale behavior of composite UHPC shell and BCSA cement concrete compression and flexural elements, and construction and testing of large-scale prestressed beam elements. The objectives of the project are to evaluate the feasibility of using rapid setting BCSA cement concrete in conjunction with a UHPC shell for prestressed concrete elements, determine flexure and shear failure mechanisms and associated capacity for composite UHPC shell elements, and develop effective interface details for the UHPC shell to BCSA cement concrete. This work will be conducted through a series of five tasks. Task 1 will evaluate the surface preparation and deformation compatibility using small-scale testing. Task 2 will consist of the design of prestressed beam specimens using different shell surface preparations and locations along the beam. Task 3 will consist of prestressed beam specimen construction. Task 4 will include flexural and shear testing of the prestressed beam elements. Task 5 will consist of preparing reports and disseminating the project information. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:02:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646949</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Test Methods for Joint Fabrics Used in Precast Concrete Adjacent Member Beam Connections</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2592103</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The precast concrete adjacent member beam is one bridge element that is frequently used throughout all Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) districts. However, one shortcoming in this bridge type is the joint between the adjacent members, which is prone to leaking. One option for mitigating that leakage is to install an epoxy-coated fabric mesh across the joints. However, the cost of the fabric has increased substantially over time while the material’s quality has come into question. Furthermore, some joints are wide enough to require overlapping widths of the material, particularly for the transverse joint at a pier. Greater competition in the industry could lead to the development of more cost-effective and practical solutions to these issues. 

To foster that competition, criteria for accepting new products need to be established. This project will entail laboratory testing to develop those criteria for the tensile strength of the fabric material itself and the development length of the mesh bonded to either concrete or another layer of mesh. Successful implementation of the results of this study into VDOT’s Road and Bridge Specifications should lead to more options for strengthening and waterproofing the joints between precast concrete adjacent members. The established criteria will help to reduce the maintenance activities required to extend the service life of these types of bridges.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2025 12:36:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2592103</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fast Running Application for Evaluating Fire Resilience of Tunnel Systems (UTI-UTC 17)
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2543412</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project develops a fast-running computational application to assess the fire resilience of tunnel systems, with a focus on precast tunnel linings used in highway and rail infrastructure. The tool integrates simplified thermal and structural modeling techniques, allowing for rapid evaluation of tunnel responses under various fire scenarios. It incorporates key variables such as ventilation effects, thermal conductivity, material degradation, and fire-induced spalling. The application is designed to be user-friendly and adaptable, supporting engineers and tunnel operators in emergency preparedness, design optimization, and post-incident evaluation. Calibrated using results from experimental fire testing and validated through finite element analysis, the tool offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to time-consuming detailed simulations. This research significantly contributes to enhancing the safety, resilience, and performance-based design of underground transportation systems.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2025 18:24:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2543412</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Methods for Pile-Footing-Column Systems</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2509057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[
Building on a previous project, the proposed research will advance the accelerated bridge construction method for bridge substructures using steel piles and precast pile caps and columns. The weight of the precast members will be reduced using hollow sections, which in turn will improve both construction tolerances and constructability. The hollow sections will be filled with in-situ concrete. The piles will be designed with temporary collars, which will eliminate the need to wait for the concrete to cure before continuing with the superstructure construction. The proposed research, funded jointly by the California Department of Transportation, will include a large-scale test unit which will incorporate both vertical and battered steel piles. The testing of the system will incorporate service level and extreme loads and ensure dependable performance of the new system and its components. As part of the testing program, the performance of the column and pile foundations will be examined systematically. Analytical models will be developed to realize the observed performance of the test unit and the components. Using the combination of analytical and experimental observations and findings from the previous phase of the project, appropriate design recommendations will be developed for improving bridge construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Feb 2025 18:34:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2509057</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>3D Printed Smart Permanent Concrete Formwork for Precast Structural Component</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491000</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. transportation infrastructure faces challenges with aging and deterioration, underscoring the need for advanced solutions to ensure longevity. Conventional structural health monitoring falls short in cost-effectiveness and adaptability. In contrast, self-sensing cementitious composites (SSCCs) present a notable alternative, offering both efficient monitoring and repair capabilities. Thanks to rapid advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) that provide design freedom for construction, this proposal will leverage AM techniques coupled with novel self-sensing materials to develop smart precast concrete permanent formwork with enhanced durability, safety, and sustainability. SSCCs will strategically be integrated within 3D-printed concrete formworks for real-time strain monitoring. This project will perform extensive load testing to evaluate sensing performance, further validated using digital image correlation. A sophisticated multiphysics model will further streamline design decisions. The outcome of this project will illuminate the transformative potential of modern construction techniques in elevating precast components, paving the way for a new generation intelligent infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 12:05:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491000</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IFC-based BIM for Robotic Installation of Precast Bridge Components</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491002</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This exploratory project proposes to take an invariant signatures and logic-based artificial intelligence (AI) approach to analyze precast bridge components’ designs in IFC-based BIM for automation in onsite construction using robots. The invariant signature of an AEC object is defined as “a set of intrinsic properties of the object that distinguish it from others and that do not change with data schema, software implementation, modeling decisions, and/or language/cultural contexts”. It has been successfully demonstrated in the vertical construction sector in supporting BIM interoperability: (1) between architectural design and construction cost analysis; (2) between architectural design and code compliance checking; (3) between architectural design and structural analysis; and (4) between architectural design and energy modeling/simulation. It also has been initially tested in the horizontal construction (i.e., civil infrastructure) sector for BIM interoperability between drainage/pavement design and quality assurance analysis. In this project, the invariant signatures will be investigated in applications that support BIM interoperability among precast bridge design, robotic installation, and constructability analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 12:01:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491002</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Continuous &amp; Low-cost Inspection of Precast Concrete Bridges using Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491004</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to develop a continuous, low-cost data collection system for bridges with precast components prone to reflective cracking. Early damage detection is crucial for durability, but existing inspection methods are costly, especially when performed continuously. Leveraging existing vehicles on the roads, the research team proposes using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies, where bridges request connected vehicles with standard forward-facing cameras to inspect critical areas. Connected automated vehicles (CAVs) will execute cooperative motion to maximize inspection efficiency. Aggregated data from continuous traffic and inspection results will detect early signs of damage, enabling proactive maintenance. This innovative approach will revolutionize precast bridge condition monitoring and remote sensing, improving infrastructure safety and durability. By harnessing the power of connected vehicles and infrastructure, we can reduce costs and enhance inspection effectiveness, ultimately leading to safer, more durable, and resilient transportation infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:58:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491004</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Precast concrete with self-powering defrosting capability</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491005</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Each year, 24% of weather-related vehicle crashes occur on snowy or icy pavement and 15% happen during snowfall or sleet. Over 1,300 people are killed and >116,800 people are injured in vehicle crashes on snowy or icy pavement annually. Snow and ice increase road maintenance costs. Winter road maintenance accounts for ~20% of State DOT maintenance budgets. State and local agencies spend more than $2.3 billion on snow and ice control operations annually. Each year, these road agencies also spend millions of dollars to repair infrastructure damage caused by snow and ice. This exploratory project is aimed at developing precast concrete with self-powering defrosting capability. Defrosting capability has long been shown to be effective in cement-based materials by resistance (Joule) heating, provided that conductive admixtures are used to reduce the resistivity. Short carbon fiber is the most cost-effective conductive admixture to greatly lower the resistivity, so that resistance heating becomes effective. Short steel microfiber is even more effective than short carbon fiber, but it is much higher in price.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:56:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491005</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Climate-Informed, Data-Driven Precast Concrete Bridge Condition Modeling for Future-Proof Transportation Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491006</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research aims to develop a robust, climate-informed, data-driven model to predict and project bridge conditions, with a focus on precast concrete (PC) infrastructure, addressing the impact of climate change on bridge durability. Current models lack comprehensive integration of climate factors, which accelerate deterioration. Using data from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI), National Bridge Elements (NBE), and regional climate and traffic data, advanced statistical and machine learning techniques will assess bridge conditions under future climate scenarios. The case study will project future conditions for PC, reinforced concrete (RC), and steel bridges, identifying high-risk structures and informing maintenance strategies. The outcome will be a validated tool to enhance the durability and extend the life of PC bridges, aligning with Transportation Infrastructure Precast Innovation Center (TRANS-IPIC)/USDOT’s priorities of infrastructure longevity, climate adaptability, and safety, while supporting workforce development and educational goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:53:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491006</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advancing Durability in Transportation Infrastructure through Practical Implementation of Thermal Prestressing</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491019</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During this industry partnership project, Transportation Infrastructure Precast Innovation Center (TRANS-IPIC) researchers will collaborate with industry experts to investigate the implementation of a new technology for prestressing concrete elements used in transportation infrastructure through the heating of shape memory alloy (SMA) bars. The research team will explore the idea of prestressing transportation precast components such as columns, beams, railroad ties, bridge decks, pavement, etc. to eliminate cracking and improve their durability and resilience. This concept has been tested on a small laboratory scale. It is yet to be tested and implemented practically on a large scale. The team will investigate the application of electrical resistivity to induce internal self-stressing in critical infrastructure components. The team will also explore the possibility of inductively heating prestressing SMA bars with no physical contact. To do so, the team will undertake the design, testing, and evaluation of an inductive heating system that can selectively heat the metal in a reinforced concrete structure without excessively heating the concrete (keeping in mind maintaining the hydration level in the concrete). To enable quick and effective activation, the team envisions the potential design, which involves using portable induction machines capable of moving exteriorly along the beam to induce heat in the SMA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:45:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491019</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IoT-Driven Digital Twin Framework for the Design and Fabrication of Precast Elements</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491026</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite the promising potential, the integration of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and digital twin (DT) technologies in precast concrete production is yet to be explored to surmount the challenges associated with their implementation. First, combining data from various IoT sensors and integrating them into DT models requires robust data management systems and interoperability between different software and hardware platforms. Also, the initial cost of implementing IoT systems and developing DT models can be excessively high, particularly for small-to-medium-sized precast companies, the widespread use of IoT in construction raises concerns about data security and the potential vulnerability of IoT-enabled systems to cyberattacks. Therefore, the primary aim of this exploratory project is to explore the integration of IoT and Digital Twin technologies into the design and fabrication of precast elements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:38:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491026</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automated Quality Assessment of Precast Members using Lidar and Augmented Reality </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2480359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prefabrication practices have been developed to manufacture concrete components of infrastructures in factories, transporting them to construction sites, and ultimately assembling them as final products onsite. However, there are a few problems with these processes, such as inaccuracy in benefit evaluation methods, and difficulties in the quality management of prefabricated construction projects. If we could track the quality in the fabrication process, then it is easier to keep a permanent record from cradle to grave for future implementations. 
Construction, fabrication, and final product tolerances describe the dimensional relationships of each precast component that make up a whole structure at the different stages of production which will ultimately affect their durability and service life. It is crucial that the form’s dimensions are correct so that the manufactured product has the correct tolerances. Also, it is important to have a clear understanding of the appropriate product tolerances before a project begins, along with the correct interfacing tolerances and erection tolerances. This creates clear expectations for the project and ensures that everyone is working within the same agreed tolerances. This research project will develop an AR tool and interface as well as scanning in the field that enables easy information access, automatic data collection, and real-time data analysis by providing a dimensional verification of precast members inspection using 3D scanning. The focus will be prestressed I-beams that are cast in New Mexico, but it can be used for box girders, and other beams of interest in other transportation infrastructure. 
This research aims to develop an innovative framework utilizing 3D point cloud data to provide insights into production variations. The objective is to empower factory operators with actionable information for enhancing quality control and optimizing processes with an interface both with the data and the product itself so it can be rectified in the field. To facilitate efficient decision-making by inspectors, a solution will be developed to expedite the identification of incorrect precast strands, rebar, stirrups, chairs, spacers, plates, and eventually the concrete dimensions of the casted members. AR Visualization technology will be employed to overlay holographic representations of precast concrete elements onto real-world objects. These holographic representations will be color-coded to indicate which errors are found during construction, and which members should not be utilized in construction, aiding inspectors in quickly identifying deviations from quality standards during fabrication and at the precast plant. They can display the design and error and keep it to compare later.
The tasks involved in this project include the following: Task 1: Adapt the AR application to PC inspection requirements; Task 2: Enhance dimensional measurement accuracy across varying lighting conditions; Task 3: Establish a standardized procedure for PC element inspectors utilizing AR and LiDAR.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 17:01:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2480359</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Delamination of Partial-Depth Panels in Concrete Bridge Decks: Inspection and Repair</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2445324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Delamination of bridge decks at the interface between precast concrete deck panels and the cast-in-place concrete portion has been observed which causes non-composite behavior and results in deck damage which affects the serviceability and durability of bridge decks. The main objective of this research project is to develop implementation methods in the laboratory for repairing delaminated partial-depth precast bridge deck panels using epoxy injection from below the bridge deck and provide recommendations for field implementation. The topic of this project is important since recent failures of partial depth bridge decks have shown that closure of the bridge may be required for removal and replacement. The current repair method involves removing complete sections of the deck and replacing them with rapid hardening hydraulic cement concrete. If the research is successful, the bridge deck repair can be performed from below the bridge deck without interruption to traffic and the installation could be verified. This benefits UDOT in that there would not be delays or closures of such bridge decks. This research builds on a recently completed Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) study by further experimenting with repairing delaminated partial-depth precast bridge decks by using epoxy injection from below the deck. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 27 Oct 2024 15:07:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2445324</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determine Feasibility and Efficacy of Hollow Precast Straddle Bents</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2437679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contractors have recently shown keen interest in utilizing hollow precast straddle bent concepts in major Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) projects. These contractor-proposed concepts come with multiple benefits, such as reduced weight, improved transportability, efficient erection procedures, cost-effectiveness, and minimized potential for disrupting traffic. However, there is currently a knowledge gap regarding the in-service performance and durability of these elements. Consequently, TxDOT has reservations regarding the service and ultimate load behavior of these concepts, primarily due to the lack of well-defined design criteria and proven structural performance. TxDOT aims to establish clear design criteria and ensure proven structural performance in this context.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Oct 2024 09:51:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2437679</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Develop Concrete Girder Splice Details with Application of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2420087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The project aims to leverage Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) to enhance the flexural and shear strengths, cracking resistance, durability, and bond between concrete and reinforcing bars in girder splices for Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT's) precast girder bridges. This project will develop efficient UHP-FRC splice details to connect simply supported precast girders at pier locations, using the Simple for Dead and Continuous for Live Load (SDCL) approach for the splice design. The UHP-FRC girder splice can eliminate bridge expansion joints, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing durability. Objectives include conducting a literature review, developing UHP-FRC mix designs and construction methods, determining splice and girder end reinforcing details, and evaluating connection performance under live load conditions. The project will provide comprehensive UHP-FRC splice construction guidelines for TxDOT's girder and composite deck bridges, aiming to improve structural integrity, durability, and maintenance efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 10:44:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2420087</guid>
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