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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>The Effects of Complete Streets Policies and Projects on Local Business Development and Growth in California</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2696848</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to explore the effects of Complete Streets policies and projects on local business development in California. The project uses a mixed-methods research design and micro-level business databases to explore how Complete Streets influences job accessibility, business attraction, business survival rates, and the broader transformation of mixed land use surrounding Complete Streets project sites. It investigates the interplay between Complete Streets projects and local business dynamics, particularly focusing on the clustering or dispersion of businesses for the agglomeration economy. By comparing the range of Complete Streets policies adopted by different entities, such as state agencies, counties, Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and cities, within varying sociodemographic, environmental, economic, and physical contexts, the research assesses their influence on transportation improvement plans and economic development strategies. The primary objectives of the research comprise three major research tasks. First, it aims to evaluate how Complete Streets policies impact changes in travel demand and behavioral patterns, considering the allocation of various transport modes. Second, the research examines the effects of proximity to Complete Streets project sites on the growth and development of local businesses. Finally, the project seeks to understand the perspectives of transportation agencies and local governments regarding the urban environment modifications driven by Complete Streets initiatives, particularly their implications for local business growth and broader land use changes. By employing mixed methods, the research aims to provide comprehensive insights that inform policymakers, urban planners, and business owners of strategies to refine Complete Streets policies for better local business development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 11:07:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2696848</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The San José's Mobility Credit Pilot: A Delayed Randomized Control Trial Evaluation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2691659</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The San Jose Mobility Credit pilot (MCP) tests a new approach that allows individuals the freedom to travel when, where, and how they want to go. The pilot provides MCs that enable individuals to maximize travel while minimizing costs. Interest in these programs is growing throughout the U.S. The research team has experience evaluating similar programs in the U.S. The project will include a delayed longitudinal randomized control trial (RCT) to evaluate the MCP. The design of the 18-month MCP in-person participant recruitment, training, and support by the City of San Jose will support high participation and survey response rates. The study will be the first to use a delayed RCT design with a difference-in-differences (DID) statistical analysis to evaluate an MCP. In general, RCTs are rarely used to test the effectiveness of transportation projects and policies. The proposed study will evaluate the effects of the MCP, not only on individuals’ overall travel freedom, but also on transportation security (e.g., travel speed, time, and reliability), community participation (e.g., church, family, school, and volunteer activities), employment, education, and overall health (which could lead savings in health care costs). Few studies have evaluated the significance of transportation access interventions on these measures. The longer duration of the MCP may allow for a better assessment of evaluation measures. The MCP evaluation will be one of few studies that examine the causal effects (randomized control trial with difference-in-differences analysis) of a transportation intervention on multiple evaluation measures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 23:10:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2691659</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Policy Analysis and Guidance to Support Secure Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2334604</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a world of automated mobility, innovative but legally unprecedented technological advances are creating a host of policy issues for legislative and regulatory bodies. Although the need for regulatory and enforcement measures is dire, there is no singular federal law or federal regulatory framework that governs cybersecurity or data privacy focusing on transportation in the United States. The overarching goal of this project is to perform a nationwide survey of existing federal and state cybersecurity and privacy regulatory measures and analyze that legislative landscape in light of identified risks and threats to the transportation industry.  The project attempts to answer: (i) what federal and/or state agencies are responsible for governing cybersecurity practices in the U.S., including risk assessment, preventative measures, detection of breaches, and remedial enforcement; and (ii) how do industry experts assess the greatest risks/threats to ensuring cybersecurity in the transportation sector?  Key contributions include developing a novel prompt-based LLM model and a domain-specific question-answering system that will ensure the security of various systems in the transportation domain.  The results of the above-discussed review and analysis could be used to construct a comprehensive transportation cybersecurity policy guidance document and/or toolkit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Feb 2024 16:09:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2334604</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating Transportation Decarbonization through Transit and Rideshare Electrification: A Scenario Analysis with Large-Scale Models</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2312903</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Enhancing the environmental sustainability of the transportation system hinges on the critical aspect of transportation decarbonization. While the concept of rapid electrification across all existing modes has been previously explored, understanding the profound implications of such a transformative shift is paramount. Typically, proposed policies and strategies have been evaluated using traditional four-step models, often lacking a vehicle powertrain model in the analytical loop, which has limited the ability to comprehensively assess their holistic impact. Addressing this gap, this project capitalizes on the Department of Energy's Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) workflow to delve into the realm of transportation decarbonization, specifically through the electrification of transit and rideshare systems. The core objective is to evaluate the potential outcomes of this endeavor. This will be accomplished by harnessing a large-scale agent-based activity-based transportation modeling tool meticulously designed for the Houston Metropolitan Area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Dec 2023 16:06:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2312903</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Induced Demand Assessment Framework: A Guide</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2188140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As a concept, induced demand is increasingly being considered by transportation practitioners at state departments of transportation (DOTs). Induced demand is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by multiple variables, necessitating consistent analysis and transparency. DOTs are interested in understanding how induced demand impacts their planned investments and how those impacts might accrue at the local and regional network levels. It is not clearly understood in empirical analysis where induced demand manifests itself and how it undermines desired project outcomes for various project types. 

Recent attempts at analysis are the California Induced Travel Calculator (CITC), the Rocky Mountain Institute’s State Highway Induced Frequency of Travel (SHIFT) tool, and the Federal Highway Administration’s Geospatial Economic Multimodal Systems Modeling (GEMS). The CITC and SHIFT tools incorporate ranges of elasticity findings from different induced demand studies and project conditions but have several limitations for project-level analysis (for example, contextual factors or land use). GEMS may provide typologies to help identify influencing factors and mitigation options as alternatives to new lane miles. Research is needed to assist DOTs to better understand induced demand, especially at the project level, concerning their priorities, policies, funding decisions, and DOT options to respond to induced demand directly or indirectly.

The objective of this research is to develop an induced demand assessment framework and a guide for DOTs to apply the assessment framework to policy and planning analysis. 

At a minimum, the research shall (1) define induced demand; (2) gather and evaluate data needed to develop the assessment framework; (3) pilot, validate, and test the assessment framework; and (4) communicate findings from the framework to build consensus.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 May 2023 20:28:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2188140</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dedicating Lanes for Priority or Exclusive Use by CVs and AVs</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1877223</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Converting existing general-purpose highway lanes to more restrictive access for use only by certain vehicles or travelers has been politically unacceptable ever since the disastrous initial attempt to convert a lane of the Santa Monica Freeway to HOV-only use 40 years ago. Because CV and AV systems can work much more effectively and provide much higher lane capacity when the equipped vehicles are clustered in close proximity to each other in the same lane, these technologies provide new motivations to convert lanes from general use to more specialized uses. The issue of dedicated lanes needs to be restudied now in light of these developments, to develop more authoritative estimates of the benefits that could be gained and of the disadvantages to the general purpose road users who would be excluded from those lanes.  The objective of this research was to develop guidance on the conditions that appear to be amenable to dedicating lanes for CV/AV users and what policy actions are needed to make this feasible. The research describes benefits to CV/AV users in the dedicated lanes and possible dis-benefits to non-users as a function of market penetration .]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Sep 2021 10:11:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1877223</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: A Guide for State DOTs</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1854208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[NCHRP Research Report 1126: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: A Guide for State DOTs provides a guide for the administration of zero-fare public transit services and a decision-support tool for state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other practitioners. A variety of zero-fare program scenarios were developed that explored relevant factors such as agency size, funding sources, modes or transit services operated fare-free, peak-hour capacity demands, fare recovery, regional services, service agreements, and fare dependence. The project outcomes provide a balanced analysis of benefits, costs, and other factors for any state DOT seeking to assist transit agencies in their plans to initiate, sustain, or terminate zero-fare transit programs.
Since fare-free transit services began in the early 1980s, they have operated in numerous forms, including in rural areas as small transit systems, at high-volume recreational venues such as stadiums, and at university campuses. Disbenefits, such as the loss of ticket revenue, occasionally overcrowded vehicles, and an increase in disruptive passengers, were offset by the value of increased ridership and levels of service, as well as a decrease in fare collection expenses. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed momentous changes on the public transit network, with decreased ridership that reflected the public health environment. Many agencies suspended fare collection in this context, with one rationale being the elimination of the passenger-tooperator ticket collection process. As transit operations continue to adapt and recover from the pandemic, the permanence of fare-free services is under consideration, with the evaluation of costs and benefits, level of service, and equity as key factors for implementation.
In NCHRP Project 19-19, "Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: A Guide for State DOTs", the Texas A&M Transportation Institute was asked to develop a guide for state DOTs and their partners on evaluating and implementing sustainable zero-fare transit. The scope of the guide was to consider (1) implementation of zero-fare transit in the United States, (2) the role of state DOTs in developing these policies, (3) supporting the transition from piloting to durable policy, (4) characteristics promoting the sustainability of zero-fare operations, (5) methods to evaluate the costs and benefits of zero-fare transit, (6) the development of a support tool for practitioners, and (7) the effective communication of results to stakeholders. The research determined that the viability of zero-fare transit depends on several factors, including the needs of the customer base, the relative prioritization of equity benefits, and the level of political and institutional support for such policies. Additional considerations for practitioners include the balance of operational savings, for example, by fare collection, compared to lost ridership revenue; potential second-order impacts affecting system volume and security; and the possibility of opting for partial instead of full zero-fare operations. 
NCHRP Research Report 1126 includes the guide and an appendix containing user instructions for the practitioners' tool. It is accompanied by a stand-alone conduct of research report that is available on the National Academies Press website (nap.nationalacademies.org) by searching for NCHRP Web-Only Document 409: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: Conduct of Research Report. Also available are a downloadable version of the practitioners' tool and a technical memorandum outlining potential implementation avenues for state DOTs and other transportation agencies. These materials can be found on the National Academies Press website (nap.nationalacademies.org) by searching for NCHRP Research Report 1126: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: A Guide for State DOTs. 
Publication Info
116 pages |  8.5 x 11 |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/27928]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2021 16:35:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1854208</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Emerging Approaches to Autonomous Vehicles in Transportation Policy and Planning </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1746167</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As autonomous vehicles (AVs) emerge, cities must grapple with how to utilize and manage these new disruptive technologies to advance public policy goals and deliver urban services related to public health, equity, economic development, mobility, and sustainability. Yet, cities and their communities and governmental institutions remain largely reactive in how they manage and integrate emerging technologies into policies, regulations and existing socio-technical systems. Instead, urban governments and communities must learn how to anticipate the potential impacts of emerging technologies (Guston 2014) and manage them based on community needs and values. Transportation planning models, for example, form the basis for transportation infrastructure planning, investment and development. The models are typically updated every 5-10 years and based on one-day travel survey data. As a result, AVs are not currently easily captured in the models or in the transportation planning process. AVs offer an opportunity to re-think how people and goods move around. As such, AVs could be a catalyst for new mobility policy and planning. Yet, AVs might also further entrench car culture in automobile dominated cities, drawing people away from other modes, including biking and public transit, with significant implications on land use, equity and mobility access. If cities are to seize the wider opportunity presented by the emergence of AVs, now is the time to develop policy and infrastructure solutions. This study will explore how policy, planning and modeling approaches to AVs are emerging in metropolitan planning organizations in the US. The results will provide the most comprehensive assessment of AV policy and planning to date and offer an opportunity to reflect on the limitations of current approaches and possibilities for future efforts. This study will examine the most recent LRTPs developed by MPOs to analyze how autonomous vehicles are being incorporated. More specifically, the research team will analyze how transportation planners are characterizing the risks and benefits of AVs, identify emerging regulatory frameworks, and analyze early modeling approaches to forecast traveler behavior under alternative AV scenarios. Following this, the team will conduct interviews with management and staff from a sample of ten MPOs to explore in more depth efforts to model AVs, and identify emerging critical barriers and innovations to transportation policy and planning for AVs. Interviews will focus on modeling approaches to AVs and how they are incorporating human attitudes, values, and perceptions in the modeling and forecasting of future travel demand related to AVs. The researchers have strong relationships with the Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (AMPO) and will work with them on this project. The outcome of this study will be the most comprehensive analysis of AV policy, modeling and planning to date. This will enable greater reflection on the governance of AVs at this critical time. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2020 20:46:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1746167</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gender Analysis Tool for Complete Streets Policy Implementation: Mobility, Families, and Emerging Technologies</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1676642</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the U.S. and throughout the world, engineers and planners recognize the need for streets to support safe mobility for different travel modes and types of users. Complete streets policies capture this aim of inclusivity by emphasizing design for older and younger travelers as well as people with disabilities. Issues of gender, families, and caregiving are implicit in this idea of a complete street. On average, women have more household responsibility for accompanying younger, older, and less mobile travelers. Current complete streets policies, however, lack explicit consideration of gender, leaving communities with little guidance for operationalizing gender equity through transportation system design. The deployment of emerging transportation technologies further complicates the question of gender equity in the implementation of compete streets. How do new mobility technologies interact with gender roles, caregiving, and family structure? These questions, in fact, may provide a pivotal opportunity for communities to consider the interaction of gender, technology, and system design for the future city. Drawing upon established methods of gender-based policy analysis, which is both qualitative and quantitative, this project has three specific aims: (1) develop the relevant evidence needed to help communities operationalize gender equity through street design and policy; (2) work with organized stakeholders in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which recently adopted a complete streets policy, to translate the evidence base into a practical gender analysis tool for complete streets implementation; and (3) establish a plan and protocol to refine and validate the prototype gender analysis tool in new contexts.   ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jan 2020 15:35:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1676642</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Infrastructure and Policy Needs for Personal Electric Mobility Devices in the Connected Vehicle World</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1575263</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Description: The research team will conduct a comprehensive search of the literature of current PEMDs in the market, how PEMDs operate in different countries and rules governing their operation. The findings from the literature review are crucial in revealing the safety hazards and operation benefits associated with PEMDs use and effective countermeasures for safe inclusion of PEMDs into the existing infrastructure. Further, the research will document the safety incidences in the past 10 years by utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). The research team plans to conduct two field experiments, one under traditional (current) operating conditions and two, under non-traditional, the connected environment. The field experiments will identify any potential conflicts between PEMDs users and the general travelling public. They will also help us learn how the PEMDs interact with pedestrians in the various pedestrian areas, how safe the PEMDs are in urban areas; the effects of the operating environment including crossing intersections, various lighting conditions (day/night), various weather conditions (wind, rain, cold), on the use of PEMDs. 
Intellectual Merit: This research will document the different types of personal electric mobility devices (PEMDs) currently used by the public on public transportation systems.
Broader Impacts: The research findings will help transport planners and public officials to decide how to manage non-motorized facilities (walkways, sidewalks, paths and trails) to maximize PEMDs benefits while minimizing any negative effects. Further, the research results will shed light into infrastructure needs as we evolve into the connected transportation environment.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2018 12:38:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1575263</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Policy Studies Analysis and Outreach</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1513594</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This program area provides objective research on current and emerging issues as they relate to transportation programs and policy.  Research conducted includes quantitative analysis, case studies, policy evaluations, and the application of analytic models to assess the relationship between changes in social, demographic, economic and technological trends on the distribution and level of travel demand.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2018 15:54:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1513594</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bicycle Justice or Just Bicycles: Analyzing Equitable Access to Baltimore's Bike Sharing Program</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1482479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Baltimore recently launched the Baltimore Bikeshare Program (BBSP) by installing fifty docking stations at strategic locations around the city. BBSP administrators and advocates anticipate expanding the program in the near future after they gain knowledge of system usage patterns. To ensure that BBSP makes efficient use of its limited financial resources and provides all city residents with equitable access to low-carbon mobility, this research will evaluate BBSP trip data alongside land use to determine whether diverse populations, defined by socio-economic and racial demographics, are afforded access to the new system. The results of the analysis will inform policy and land use planning recommendations for the future expansion of BBSP and the city’s bicycle infrastructure. When she announced BBSP, Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake called it a critical part of the city’s “network of sustainable transportation options (Campbell, 2016).” Beyond BBSP’s environmental and economic benefits, sustainable urban transportation infrastructure must also promote just outcomes by providing equitable access to all residents and users (Mercier, 2009). Equity is a frequently overlooked criteria in urban sustainability efforts, and this research will spotlight justice as a core urban land use and design principle (Agyeman, 2013). It can be difficult for decision-makers to conceptualize the justice-related impacts of land use and transportation programs, so the goal of this research project is to inform and enhance the sustainability of BBSP from an equity perspective (Wheeler, 2013). Several obtainable objectives will help reach that goal. First, the research will identify best practice examples of bikeshare programs from other cities where the program design and implementation delivered equitable outcomes. The research will also develop and execute a novel justice-centered methodological framework to analyze BBSP outcomes using Big Data from individual bike trips and system user demographics. Following the Big Data analysis, the research will identify locations in Baltimore where future phases of BBSP could expand and offer improved access to underrepresented populations. Another outcome is a policy analysis that will evaluate the tradeoffs between station locations and public policy alternatives to improve the equity of BBSP. The results of the policy analysis will be useful for land use planners and decision-makers as they use the city’s limited financial resources to grow BBSP and associated on-street infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2017 17:16:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1482479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Managing Transportation System Health: Setting Performance Targets and Policies in Non-Uniform Regions and Jurisdictions to Achieve Uniform Statewide and National Objectives</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1474441</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project will develop a focused body of knowledge and tools, including a data-and-expert-knowledge-driven approach for addressing a multi-scalar issue involved in performance-based planning at multiple levels of decision making: namely, how to achieve broader national and statewide objectives while taking into consideration regional and local priorities and constraints. The project will apply a multi-methodology analysis to evaluate transportation system health metrics for selected jurisdictions and regions in the state of Georgia and selected states to tell a more comprehensive story about the cumulative impacts of investments at the statewide, metropolitan and local jurisdiction levels, as a basis for determining targets using both quantitative data and expert knowledge in a manner that considers local and metropolitan priorities while aiming to achieve statewide and national priorities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Jul 2017 12:25:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1474441</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Practices. Topic SB-31. Implementing the US DOT Reasonable Modification Rule</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1467325</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since July 2015, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) has required transit agencies to make “reasonable accommodations” to their policies, practices, and procedures to ensure that their services are accessible to persons with disabilities. Whether on a case-by-case request, or as a permanent change, transit agencies must adjust what they do to meet the needs of these riders. The revised regulation cites three situations when a transit agency may deny a request for an accommodation: 
(1) Granting the request would fundamentally alter the nature of the entity’s services, programs, or activities; 
(2) Granting the request would create a direct threat to the health or safety of others; 
(3) Without the requested modification, the individual with a disability is able to fully use the entity’s services, programs, or activities for their intended purpose. [49 CFR 37.169(c)] 

The goal of this study is to provide an overview of the current state of practice regarding the experiences of transit agencies as they have responded to the regulation: new policies developed; actual requests for accommodations; responses to these requests; and ideas for improving the process. Information will be gathered by a literature review (e.g. agency reports, peer reviewed journal articles, web articles) and a survey on a broad range of North American transit agencies to identify what changes agencies have made in response to this regulation—which applies to both fixed route and paratransit service. This Synthesis will not seek to determine whether a transit agency is in compliance with the revised rule, nor will the synthesis recommend actions for achieving compliance. The report should include 4-5 case examples that will gather information on the state-of-the-practice, emphasizing lessons learned, current practices, challenges, and gaps. The needs for future research should also be discussed. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 May 2017 10:05:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1467325</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Legal Aspects of Airport Programs. Topic 09-03. Permitted Airport Involvement in Economic Development Efforts</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1428732</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Airports are governed by federal laws defining their financial and economic parameters, particularly regarding revenue diversion. At the same time, airports are prominent members of their local communities. Airports are viewed as economic engines, and as a result local communities expect airport operators to participate in airport-related economic efforts that benefit the wider community. Additionally, airport operators need economic development entities and community partners to develop air service. 
OBJECTIVE:  The objective of this digest is to conduct a review of federal laws, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Orders, policies, guidance, and any case law on the permitted extent of airport involvement in economic development efforts with respect to off-airport, general community economic development and/or air service development. This digest will answer questions such as, What may airports do? What may they not do? How can airports balance compliance with their legal obligations with their communities’ desire for their active participation in economic development? What is the airport’s proper role in such efforts, and how can the airport best participate in such efforts? 


]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Nov 2016 07:17:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1428732</guid>
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