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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Synthesis:  Evaluate Safety Effectiveness of Pedestrian Elements Constructed through Various Funding Mechanisms</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2604568</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Evaluating the effectiveness of pedestrian infrastructure constructed through various funding mechanisms is essential for optimizing future project selection and ensuring data-driven decision-making. Traditional evaluations often rely on crash data alone, which may not fully capture the broader impacts of these projects on pedestrian safety, mobility, and accessibility. This project will develop a systematic methodology to assess the post-construction effectiveness of pedestrian elements by incorporating key performance indicators such as pedestrian activity levels, near-miss incidents, crash rate trends, and demographic factors. The project will analyze Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT's) existing project selection processes, summarize the geographic distribution of past projects, and conduct an evaluation of their effectiveness across different regional and demographic contexts. Emerging best practices will be identified to enhance the integration of post-construction evaluation measures into funding decisions, ensuring that pedestrian infrastructure investments yield measurable safety and mobility benefits. The project will produce a structured framework for assessing pedestrian infrastructure performance, supporting TxDOT's goal of improving pedestrian safety and fostering sustainable, data-informed transportation planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 16:43:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2604568</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urbanization and Environmental Repercussions on Active Transport and Micromodal Facilities</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2447100</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the effects of environmental factors and urbanization on Non-Motorized Transportation (NMT) infrastructure facilities in Delaware, with a focus on active transportation and micromobility modes. Building upon Phase I's analysis of coastal inundation impacts on NMT facilities using GIS mapping and statistical analysis, Phase II expands the research scope to investigate urbanization phenomena, micro-modal transportation adoption, and climate-related challenges including temperature fluctuations and pluvial flooding. The research methodology incorporates public perception surveys and collaborative data collection with the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), and Wilmington Metropolitan Planning Organization (WILMAPCO). This comprehensive assessment aims to evaluate the resilience and adaptability of NMT infrastructure against environmental stressors while accounting for evolving urban mobility patterns and micromobility integration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Oct 2024 15:15:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2447100</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mobility Hub Usage in West Palm Beach</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2422598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Promoting mobility hub usage can reduce automobile dependency with the goal of meeting carbon pollution reduction goals. Transportation planners need data on mobility hub usage to engage users, increase usage, and to plan and improve infrastructure. This project focuses on residents’ experiences at mobility hubs in Greater West Palm Beach, Florida, for example, at a recently completed workforce housing project, Flagler Station. Flagler Station promotes itself as a micromobility hub with plans for further enhancement and is located with walking distance of a tri-county rail line and downtown. Completed in 2022 at the corner of Banyan Boulevard and North Tamarind Avenue, Flagler Station is an eight-story apartment building designed for downtown workers. In addition to housing, the Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) believes the area will benefit from a mobility hub planned to be created adjacent, as well as further infrastructure enhancement nearby. The CRA incentivized development to revitalize the Banyan corridor, a high traffic route between downtown and the Historic Northwest district, an historically underinvested community. In 2020, $500,000 in funding was approved for to create a 34-foot-wide, landscaped, lighted linear park between Tamarind and Sapodilla. A “ghost train” artwork will honor the site’s historic significance as a spur of Henry Flagler’s railway. A linear park will provide an inviting pedestrian pathway to the nearby Tri-Rail station and connect to the Tamarind streetscape project linking Banyan with Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard, another important corridor. The park extends the City’s Rails-to-Trails program and improves the pedestrian network in and around the site. The proposed project builds on previous research by the PIs to determine residents’ preferences and access to public and active transportation. For the previous project, an analytical tool was developed to empower cities and transit agencies to leverage both traditional datasets and emerging mobility datasets to make context-aware, and data- informed decisions on mobility hub site selection and feature programming. A survey collected data about transit and transportation usage in West Palm Beach. The proposed project supplements the quantitative data using qualitative research methods. Focus groups will convene users and non-users of mobility hubs to further interpret the earlier study’s findings. The data will guide decision makers toward evidence-based transportation infrastructure development. Outputs will include 1. Analysis of focus group findings will be compiled into a report and distributed via website and direct distribution to partners. 2. Findings will be presented at one or more academic and/or professional conferences 3. Findings will be published in one or more academic journals 4. An in-person or virtual meeting will be held to present findings to local partners and stakeholders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Aug 2024 18:13:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2422598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modern and Proven Approaches to Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities



</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2381700</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities, 2nd edition, published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 2021, is a foundational resource for planning, designing, and operating sidewalks, crosswalks, shared-use paths, etc. But pedestrian infrastructure planning and design practices are rapidly evolving as practitioners gain a deeper understanding of user needs and the transportation industry focuses more closely on the safety of vulnerable road users with support from many recently updated national and local policies. This trend necessitates continuous updates to the current guide to ensure information remains current, effective, and reflective of best practices.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiatives such as Safe System Approach, Complete Streets, and Vision Zero emphasize creating inclusive and safe environments for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and transit riders. Although the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted over 30 years ago, efforts to accommodate pedestrians of all ages and abilities are ongoing. Recent research and technological advancements have improved our understanding of how to make pedestrian facilities more hospitable, comfortable, and usable.

Additionally, several federal regulations, including the Public Rights-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) and the 11th edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) impact pedestrian facility design and operation substantially. Information from these sources needs to be incorporated and aligned with other AASHTO guides such as the Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities and A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. This alignment will ensure consistency across national guidelines and support the development of pedestrian facilities that are safe, accessible, and meet the evolving needs of all users in accordance with current trends and regulatory changes.

Research is needed to identify and document new content from recent studies and proven approaches in a single document to support practitioners from state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other agencies, as well as transportation professionals from industry and academia, to incorporate these updates into pedestrian facility planning, design, and operational practices.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to investigate and promote modern, proven approaches and provide implementable guidelines for planning, designing, and operating pedestrian facilities. 

The research will focus on enhancing pedestrian safety, accessibility, and mobility in various contexts. Ultimately, this research seeks to develop a comprehensive resource document that will support practitioners in creating pedestrian-friendly spaces for people of all ages and abilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2024 20:59:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2381700</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrating Non-Motorist Facility Data into Comprehensive Road Safety Assessment</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2229366</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to enhance pedestrian and bicyclist safety understanding, bolster educational and professional capacities, and facilitate the practical implementation of computer vision techniques in transportation planning and engineering, ultimately leading to safer transportation systems for pedestrians and cyclists. The project will address challenges in gathering pedestrian facilities data and assessing safety concerns for pedestrians and bicyclists, encompassing a comprehensive process involving literature review, case study design, data collection and preparation, model development and validation, result analysis, and recommendation formulation. Through innovative approaches utilizing satellite images and image processing techniques such as spatial analytics and deep learning models, the project intends to extract crucial information about pedestrian and bicyclist facilities and nighttime streetlight conditions. By leveraging deep neural networks and statistical analysis, the project aims to compare longitudinal datasets, predict injury risks, identify high-risk areas, and unravel potential risk factors and relationships contributing to pedestrian and bicycle accidents, thereby informing evidence-based decisions and interventions. The  outcomes of this project will be disseminated through technical reports and academic discussion, contributing to the understanding of non-motorist safety, encouraging further research, and providing educational resources for transportation programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Aug 2023 08:18:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2229366</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Technical Support to Increase Safety for People Walking and Biking in Big Sky</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2216649</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of this project is to develop an understanding of existing roadway and transportation infrastructure in Big Sky and use that information to develop new bicycle and pedestrian safety-centric pop-up projects in the Town Center and Meadow Village. This process will engage local leaders and residents and empower the Big Sky community to lead their own walk audits and pop-up demonstration projects in the future. They will also be provided with a technical memo of Big Sky pedestrian and bicycle friendly tools such as concept drawings, traffic calming examples, relevant case studies and design documents, and cost estimates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Jul 2023 17:09:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2216649</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Real-Time Ice Warning System Empowered by Dielectric Ice Sensors for Bridges</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1992630</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Highway bridges freeze before roads because they lack thermal insulation underneath. Black ice on the bridge decks causes more weather-related deaths and injuries each year than all other severe weather events combined. This project developed a novel real-time active ice warning system for bridge decks. The system includes a sensor that uses the dielectric constant of the surface media to determine the pavement surface condition by time domain reflectometry (TDR). An automatic algorithm was developed for signal analysis and a control module to activate the warning lights when ice or the potential of ice is present. The system is integrated with the National Weather Service (NWS) feed to activate the system when specified weather parameters are met. After the design, fabrication, testing, and optimization of the TDR probe sensors, initial testing was done under controlled conditions inside a freezer box. Integration with the NWS weather feed was accomplished by designing an activation program that would collect input parameters from the user to define the location of the system and the program to be run. The system is equipped with remote access that is secure and reliable via a router and static IP address. Automatic analysis of the signal was established using a C++ script for parsing data in combination with Selenium Python for automated waveform data download. Dielectric constant and surface temperature parameters were determined by analyzing phase diagrams created using controlled testing data. The warning system prototype, consisting of the developed sensor, automated TDR signal analysis with NWS data trigger, and the lighted warning sign, was installed in the field at a site on the Oregon Institute of Technology campus for testing over the winter season. Several successful demonstrations of the warning system were performed, indicating its reliability and the methodology of TDR for characterizing pavement surface conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2022 17:33:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1992630</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Defining Appropriate Design and Accommodation Thresholds for Active Transportation in a Context-Driven Approach</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1957087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A common approach used in transportation design is to set minimum accommodations or guidelines, such as a minimum width, for a sidewalk or bikeway. Such guidelines provide for a basic level of infrastructure quality in cases where they are applied. The concept is also used at the planning level; for example, some Complete Streets policies specify minimum accommodations for pedestrians and bicycles. However, the minimum accommodations are frequently used as the default or preferred width in all cases, even though these widths often do not provide a level and quality that will significantly increase the use of walking, bicycling, and rolling, particularly among all types of users and in areas where greater walking, bicycling, and rolling activity is possible. Research is needed on the design flexibility and the different levels of accommodation recommended for different contexts and roadway types.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop an active transportation guide and tool (or tools) that provide a decision-making framework for the adoption and implementation of supportive active transportation infrastructure and design ranges that provide better safety, comfort, and accessibility while still serving all surface transportation users and functions.

The deliverables are expected to include: Performance criteria and qualitative, quantitative, and/or surrogate measures used in decision-making regarding the application of different active transportation design; Ranges of active transportation design values and other accommodations; Succinct communication materials targeting different audiences, such as executive offices, planning and design professionals, and members of the general public. The use of creative design and graphics is encouraged; A conduct of research report that describes and documents the full research project; and An implementation plan focused on the practitioner that markets and encourages adoption of the products of this research, including training materials, opportunities to present material in conferences and other venues, and potential opportunities for integration into industry design standards and guides.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 May 2022 16:37:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1957087</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Case Studies of Communities of Less Than 10,000 People with Bicycle &amp; Pedestrian Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1890064</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previously, Bicycle & Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements Realized in Communities of Less Than 10,000 People proved that exemplary infrastructure can exist in some of the smallest communities in the United States.  This prior study identified characteristics (adherence to speed limits, numerous champions, bicycle & pedestrian programs and groups, and community approval process) found to define the difference between these small communities that have been successful as compared with those that have had less success.
This current research study was identified as future research in the prior study.  
Three case studies per state (Florida, Kentucky, Minnesota, New Mexico, and Vermont), for a total of 15 case studies for the project, will be developed for communities with 10,000 or fewer people to demonstrate notable examples of implementation of bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure.  Through Western Transportation Institute at Montana State University’s experience with technology transfer, experience has shown that putting knowledge into case studies, which small, rural communities can point to, significantly influences adoption.  This is particularly important because of the 19,495 cities and town in the United States, 84.2% of them fall below the 10,000 people threshold in the United States.
The research will focus on small communities (those less than 10,000 people) in three communities within a state within each of the five regions: North-East, South-Atlantic, North-Central, South-Gulf, and West, for a total of 15 case studies developed.  The results can be used by peer small communities as examples of what can be implemented.
This research is jointly funded by the Small Urban, Rural, and Tribal Center on Mobility (SURTCOM), and three state departments of transportation. This project is the portion funded by SURTCOM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 2021 10:13:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1890064</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Toolkit on Innovative Finance Strategies to Accelerate Bicycle and Pedestrian (Active Transportation) Project Delivery: "Diversifying DOT’s Build America Bureau (BAB) Portfolio to Include Underutilized Stakeholders."
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1758946</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research will provide state of the practice information on implementing innovative finance strategies to accelerate active transportation project delivery, convene peer exchange among noteworthy implementers, and develop an innovative finance toolkit. The innovative finance toolkit is intended to help transportation agencies and practitioners identify strategies for accelerating delivery of active transportation infrastructure projects (bicycle, pedestrian, network connections to transit, and other active transportation modes). ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2020 15:54:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1758946</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Inventory in Massachusetts
using Mobile LiDAR
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1574980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pedestrian infrastructure is one of the most vital transportation infrastructures and facilities for pedestrians (especially wheelchair users) who rely on quality sidewalks to facilitate safe and uninterrupted trips in their everyday lives. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Transition Plan, Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) is required to make informed investment decisions in transportation asset management, particularly as these decisions pertain to the timely identification and maintenance of inadequate sidewalks under MassDOT’s jurisdiction. With the recent advancement of remote sensing technologies, many mobile systems with high data acquisition frequency and measurement accuracy, e.g., mobile LiDAR, have become cost-friendly and commercially available. The information produced from these mobile LiDAR systems has the potential to address the challenges described above successfully and to deliver a comprehensive pedestrian infrastructure database accurately and efficiently. With the LiDAR-based embedded geolocation and geometric measurement information, the LiDAR-derived database will be seamlessly integrated with MassDOT’s existing (GIS)-based Road Inventory File (RIF). It is anticipated that this pedestrian infrastructure data will provide MassDOT’s Highway Division with accurate information from which to prioritize sidewalk infrastructure maintenance and management resources. This research project seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of employing mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) as a tool to support efficient inventory update and condition assessment of MassDOT’s pedestrian infrastructure. Focusing on the State Route 9 corridor, the objective of this research project is to collect and process data with a mobile-LiDAR system, to verify and update the existing MassDOT’s sidewalk inventory data, and to incorporate physical condition information into the inventory geodatabase.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Dec 2018 15:41:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1574980</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improve Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Connectivity</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1513043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 May 2018 13:09:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1513043</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of Climate Change and Non-Motorized Transportation Facilities</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1482155</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The subject of Climate Change including Sea Level Rise and how it will impact the Civil Infrastructure Systems (amongst other impacts such as environmental deterioration, energy availability and human health) has been one of the most (if not the most) important topic(s) of the 21st century. From religious leaders (including Pope Francis) to many political leaders (including President Obama) have addressed the importance of pro-actively preparing the world and especially the future generations for the impacts of Climate Change. Civil Infrastructure facilities such as roadways, bridges, tunnels and subways, rail stations, bus stations, parking lots, and airports, among other structures have seen their fair share of impact and sometimes deterioration models due to Climate Change studied to the fullest extent. No doubt more studies continue to be conducted now and in the future. There are currently numerous studies covering these specific facilities in the literature. Ironically, one topic that does not appear in the literature is how the Climate Change will impact non-motorized transportation facilities. Non-motorized transportation facilities such as pedestrian sidewalks, pedestrian and hiking trails, paths, bicycle paths, routes and trails, as well as public parks and recreation facilities have seen very little to no coverage in the literature. Besides using such facilities for recreation, many people use them for transportation and still a great many use them for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a healthy environment. The major goal for the present project is to answer the following two important questions:
Project’s Major Goal and Questions to Be Answered:
How will climate change including sea level rise impact the non-motorized transportation facilities used by pedestrians and bicyclists?
What can be done to minimize or even eliminate the negative impacts of climate change on such facilities?]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Sep 2017 09:41:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1482155</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fostering Innovation in Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Pooled Fund Study</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1475618</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The overall goals for this Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) study are to:  (1) provide answers to emerging questions about innovative facility design, planning, and implementation to improve safety and mobility for pedestrians and bicyclists; (2) conduct effective and efficient research of innovative traffic control devices to accelerate their incorporation into the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD); (3) facilitate the collection and reporting of robust transportation facility data that will allow for updating Federal, State, local, and other design guidelines, such as the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design guides; and (4) support research on addressing rural multimodal transportation needs, regulatory streamlining, opportunities to improve cost effectiveness and efficiencies in the transportation system, and multimodal investment analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jul 2017 14:46:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1475618</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Walking Facility Performance Guidelines for Individuals with Disabilities
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1397961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Walking facilities are important infrastructure in a community’s transportation systems.  It is imperative to design and evaluate the effectiveness of these facilities to meet the walking needs of diverse pedestrian groups, including individuals with disabilities who represent a significant population in the United States.  The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) defines walking facility performance using a qualitative measure describing operational conditions, or level of service (LOS). However, pedestrian LOS thresholds do not account for bi-directional flows, pedestrian/environment spacing, or heterogeneous pedestrian characteristics.  Such is the case as there is little research on diverse pedestrians’ behavior.  In particular, there is very little empirical study of individuals with disabilities’ walking behavior and perceptions.  As a result, how closely pedestrian LOS thresholds correspond to actual conditions have been shown to be inaccurate.
The purpose of this study is to empirically compare individuals with disabilities’ perceptions of quality of service and observed walking behavior (including bi-directional pedestrian flow and pedestrian/environment spacing) with existing walking facility guidelines.  Specifically, the objectives of this research are (1) identifying and quantify the effect of different pedestrian characteristics and walking behavior variables on the walkway level of service evaluations, and (2) examine and compare individuals with disabilities’ perceptions of walking facility performance with existing LOS design guidelines.
This study will improve the operational guidelines used to assess walking facility performance, ultimately improving the design of walking facilities for heterogeneous populations including individuals with disabilities.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Feb 2016 07:33:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1397961</guid>
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