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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Tracking and Monitoring Suborbital Commercial Space Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537219</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Monitoring the launch and on-orbit health of space-based assets will enhance and improve existing capabilities for safe and successful use of the near-Earth environment for scientific, military, and commercial purposes. This task will also help build a body of knowledge to assist in the development of the appropriate regulatory requirements for the commercial space industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2018 13:03:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537219</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Reduced-Order Non-Linear Dynamic System Models</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537195</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The structural integrity of commercial launch platforms must be assessed for each mission, i.e. safety certification or recertification.  A significant amount of structural response data must be collected in order to state confidence bounds on the computed safety margins.  Experimental data will very likely need to be supplemented with data generated by numerical simulations of the structural response of the launch platforms to the anticipated flight environments. Efficient, cost-effective methods for generating non-linear structural models of CST platforms will result from this effort.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2018 13:02:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537195</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>Establishment of Framework for Commercial Space Launch Standards</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Establishing  a framework to capture a body of knowledge for commercial spaceport best practices will help current and future spaceport operation personnel by providing commercial and government  documents that encompass commercial spaceport operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2018 13:02:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537172</guid>
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      <title>Role of the COE-CST in Encourage, Facilitate and Promote-SU</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The current environment favors such initiatives conceptually, but the business case for them is difficult to close. Unless they have a specific interest in the hosted technology, commercial launch users are reluctant to give up even a few kilograms of launch mass at prices supportable by research institutions and small commercial startups.  In the research team's recent research road-mapping effort, identifying and characterizing the space transportation market was identified as a priority research task for the Center of Excellence. In order to find a tractable focus area, the team took industry partners' suggestion of investigating secondary and hosted payloads (SHP™s). SHP™s represent a unique opportunity to achieve low cost access to space, yet are rarely used. This task will work to identify the barriers to SHP™s and how they can be overcome.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2018 13:02:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1537170</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>220-NMSU: Establishment of Framework for Commercial Space Launch Standards</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1532614</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Aug 2018 10:44:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1532614</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Noise - Launch and Sonic Boom Analysis
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1368844</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No summary provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2015 10:51:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1368844</guid>
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      <title>Suborbital Pilot Training Assessment
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1367928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There exists a great deal of information about pilot performance under high +Gz forces from extensive military high performance fighter jet aircraft and centrifuge studies. There are little data, however, on pilot performance in a high +Gx environment, particularly repetitive exposures. Although astronauts and cosmonauts experience increased +Gx forces during launch, they are not actively piloting the spacecraft during this time. Similarly, the +Gx acceleration in carrier launch operations is experienced in a “hands off” pilot control window. The situation will be quite different in commercial suborbital flights for companies such as XCOR and Virgin Galactic. In these vehicles the pilots will experience sustained high +Gx acceleration (often in combination with high +Gz acceleration) during the vertical portion of the flight and will need to actively pilot the vehicle during this phase of the launch into space. This is similar to X-15 operations where pilot control issues were thought to be associated with one fatal accident, lending credibility to the concern over pilot performance in such scenarios. Further, the addition of a microgravity period between high acceleration exposures adds the risk of a potentially significant “push-pull” effect, complicating the physiological response profile. Research is needed to evaluate pilot performance and physiological response, including their hemodynamic tolerance, their ability to manually reach and operate the controls, maintain visual focus on the instruments, and avoid sensory perception illusions that could cause disorientation, in order to better understand the impacts on performance during sustained +Gx and combined +Gx/Gz acceleration and to
make sound recommendations regarding physiological and medical standards for pilot screening prior to suborbital spaceflight crew selection.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2015 11:14:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1367928</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Establishment of Framework for Commercial Space Launch Standards</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1362696</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of this project are to: (1) examine the available literature and operational standards; (2) review the activities listed below and compare them at 3 operational launch sites; and (3) implement the operational activities of Spaceport America.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2015 01:01:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1362696</guid>
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