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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
    <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Elevate the Prioritization of Fleets and Equipment Within an Overall Asset Management Strategy</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2712185</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State department of transportation (DOT) fleets support highway maintenance, emergency response, and agency operations. However, fleet funding and prioritization can vary across agencies and may differ from approaches used for infrastructure assets such as roads and bridges. Funding constraints may contribute to increased lifecycle costs, additional maintenance requirements, and challenges related to fleet expansion and replacement planning. In some cases, fleet-related needs compete with other agency priorities during funding and resource allocation decisions.

Transportation Asset Management Plans (TAMPs), established under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), provide a framework for managing infrastructure assets using lifecycle-based approaches. Although these plans have traditionally focused on roads and bridges, some agencies are exploring ways to incorporate fleet assets into asset management practices. Current approaches vary across agencies, and practices for integrating fleet management into TAMPs are still evolving. In addition, fleet performance and utilization data may not always be fully integrated into planning and budgeting processes. Research is needed to identify critical equipment, performance measures, funding strategies, and data management methods to assist state DOTs with assessing fleet investment needs and managing fleet resources effectively.

The objectives of this research are to (1) develop a guide with reporting tools and successful practices for prioritizing fleet and equipment within state DOT asset management planning processes to improve lifecycle management, and (2) develop a framework for a Fleet Asset Management Plan (FAMP) to aid state DOT funding decisions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 16:07:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2712185</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Machine Vision Toolkit for Automated Fleet Composition Assessment and Reporting</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2691665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) employ fleet composition data (e.g., passenger vehicles, single-unit trucks, and combination trucks) in a variety of planning, economic, roadway performance, and safety applications. Accurate fleet composition data is essential for pavement management, safety analysis, and fuel consumption modeling. However, traditional methods are labor-intensive, costly, and often lack the temporal or spatial resolution required to capture variations between freeways, arterials, and managed lanes vs. general-purpose lanes. Using machine vision tools to quickly, efficiently, and accurately capture on-road percentages of light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, medium-duty truck, and a variety of heavy-duty truck classifications will enhance analytical and modeling accuracy and reduce state DOT data management costs. Building upon prior National Center for Sustainable Transportation (NCST) research that developed machine vision algorithms for vehicle identification, this project will package those research findings into a deployable, open-source Automated Fleet Classification Toolkit for practitioners and researchers. The research team will develop and release comprehensive Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and software tools allowing agencies to convert standard roadside or overpass video feeds into high-resolution fleet composition data. The toolkit will utilize advanced object detection (e.g., YOLO architectures) to automate the identification of vehicle classes (aligning with FHWA 13-category schemes where possible) and propulsion types based on visual vehicle features. The system is designed to distinguish traffic conditions on complex roadway geometries, allowing users to generate separate classification profiles for managed lanes vs. general-purpose lanes, and separating freeway mainlines from adjacent arterial service roads. The project focuses on technology transfer: providing the "how-to" manuals, open-source code, and data processing protocols so that State DOTs, consultants, university partners and research institutes can replicate the data collection and extraction without relying on proprietary "black box" services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 23:29:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2691665</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Successful Strategies in Providing Training Programs for State and Local Equipment Technicians</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2681233</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fleet managers across surface transportation agencies face ongoing challenges in identifying training needs for fleet maintenance technicians and delivering effective programs. Prior to 2020, many states relied heavily on vendor-led training to support technician development on new and existing equipment. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of vendors reduced or discontinued these offerings, requiring agencies to pursue alternative approaches.

As fleet equipment continues to incorporate more advanced technologies, the need for consistent, high-quality, and up-to-date technical training has become increasingly critical to maintaining safe, reliable, and cost-effective operations.

OBJECTIVE: This scan will examine organizations that have successfully identified and implemented sustainable training programs for fleet maintenance technicians. The team will document how agencies structure and manage their programs, measure effectiveness, and ensure appropriate leadership support.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 15:03:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2681233</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Innovative Approaches in Acquiring New or Replacement Fleet Equipment</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2681240</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fleet managers often face challenges securing sufficient funding to meet their agencies’ equipment needs. While some have developed alternative approaches to acquire fleet equipment, many agencies are not fully aware of these options or their potential advantages and limitations. Rising equipment costs and constrained budgets increase the need to examine flexible and cost-effective acquisition strategies. A review of these approaches and their associated considerations could provide practical value to state fleet managers.

OBJECTIVE: This scan aims to identify practical insights that may support cost management, improve access to reliable equipment, and reduce long-term maintenance expenses. The findings will provide agencies with documented lessons learned and serve as a reference when considering strategies to extend fleet replacement budgets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 14:49:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2681240</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Utilizing Hydrogen Fuel Technology for a Transportation Fleet</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2487229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Minnesota Executive Order 19-27 commits the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) to reducing fleet fossil fuel consumption 30% by 2030 and greenhouse gas emissions 50% by 2030. Additionally, Minnesota State Statute 16C.135 establishes a zero- and low-emission preference for new fleet vehicle purchases. Hydrogen fuel technology -- specifically sustainably produced hydrogen (“green hydrogen”) -- offers a potentially promising alternative pathway to reducing carbon emissions from MnDOT’s fleet while continuing to meet operational and business needs. The objective of this research is to survey existing and emerging hydrogen fuel technology applications that could be piloted in the MnDOT fleet as a strategy for cutting carbon emissions, and to identify potential costs and benefits of MnDOT investing in hydrogen fuel technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2025 10:19:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2487229</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Establishment of a Baseline for Guidance on Future Operations of Drone-in-a-Box in a Multi-Aircraft Environment
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2512407</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Drone-in-a-box solutions have seen a surge in adoption over the last couple of years. With increased communication resilience due to 5G technology and updated approvals, these systems have been used in construction sites, for remote monitoring such as pipeline inspections, and by public safety organizations. Many of these applications rely on either being operated in remote locations or with sworn officers acting as Visual Observers (VOs). While Detect and Avoid systems are sufficient to ensure safety in single-unmanned aircraft system (UAS) remote operations, multiple UAS systems demand that automation, human factors, and community needs are all considered in a strategic response to the inherent risks of remote operations. Multiple-drone control offers a complexity where automation, human factors, and the community must come together to form this strategy. The upcoming Part 108, the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) new Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) rule, opens up endless possibilities. 

The use of swarming technologies is not new and has been researched by the Department of Defense, DARPA, and universities (including the University of Cincinnati) and showcases in the increasingly popular drone shows. Controlling multiple UAS can be as simple as preplanning missions with direct control of each UAS as in drone shows, and as complex as heterogenous solutions involving different UAS types and controllers. This more complex form of swarming control, also known as collaborative decentralized control, is essential for next gen UAS operations. 

These decentralized control methods allow for UAS to be meshed together to operate as a single system but are robust enough to have independent control with each UAS monitoring its own health to reduce the workload of the remote operator. 
This team of student researchers at the University of Cincinnati plans to establish guidelines for how such a system needs to be integrated and evaluated. The researchers will not only look at the technologies available but will give guidance on the appropriate steps to integrate these systems into real-world applications such as the Brent Spence companion bridge project as well as future needs. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Feb 2025 11:22:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2512407</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transitioning to EV Fleets: Best Practices and a Decision Tool</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2381912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[
New U.S. regulatory targets aim for an electric vehicle (EV) market share of at least 50% by 2030, a shift mirrored by manufacturers phasing out internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. While public organizations are increasingly eager to transition, the pathway is complicated by cold-climate range uncertainties, infrastructure gaps in rural areas, and the technical hurdles of transitioning medium- and heavy-duty fleets for large agencies like MnDOT. This study presents a comprehensive framework to help agencies navigate fleet transition and secure available funding. The research began by assessing human factors and organizational readiness through survey of agencies and in-depth interviews with fleet managers to identify operational barriers and perceptions. Subsequent stages involved a detailed analysis of fleet composition and infrastructure capacity, gathering data on vehicle types, usage patterns, and parking facilities across various Minnesota agencies. These foundational data informed a 10-year life-cycle cost analysis, comparing EVs against traditional ICE vehicles across multiple classes. Finally, the project developed an optimization model, applied to Minneapolis trip data, to demonstrate a strategic plan for EV acquisition and charging infrastructure deployment that minimizes total cost while ensuring uninterrupted operation. The study’s findings and strategic roadmap was disseminated via a statewide webinar to support Minnesota agencies in achieving a cost-effective transition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2024 09:43:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2381912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Support for AASHTO Committees and Councils. A Strategic Plan for Equipment Management Research</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2348472</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND - State transportation agency equipment fleets require a significant capital investment and recurring maintenance and operational expenditures. Efficient management of these assets can lead to significant cost savings, enhanced performance, and improved reliability. Research conducted under NCHRP Project 20-7/Task 309, “Challenges and Opportunities: A Strategic Plan for Equipment Management Research,” in 2011 helped guide the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Committee on Maintenance’s Equipment Technical Working Group (TWG) in identifying equipment management research needs. The AASHTO Equipment TWG prioritized and advanced the derived research topics. Given the rapid technological advancements affecting equipment fleets, a research roadmap for equipment management needs to be developed, including all relevant activities (e.g., maintenance, operations, and technology) for all equipment types (including fleet vehicles). The implementation of research findings related to state transportation agency equipment management can significantly affect state agency cost and efficiency. 

OBJECTIVE - The objective of this project is to develop a research roadmap for equipment management that establishes near-term, intermediate, and long-term research activities for state transportation agencies to reduce costs and increase equipment management efficiency.  

RESEARCH PLAN - The NCHRP is seeking the insights of proposers on how to achieve the research objective. Proposers are expected to describe research plans that can realistically be accomplished within the constraints of available funds and contract time. Proposals must present the proposers' current thinking in sufficient detail to demonstrate their understanding of the issues and the soundness of their approach to meeting the research objective. 

At a minimum, the research plan shall include: (1) A kick-off teleconference with the research team and NCHRP convened within 1 month of the contract’s execution; (2) 
The research approach; (3) Detailed tasks necessary to fulfill the project objective and appropriate milestones and interim deliverables; (4) One in-person meeting and one interim web-conference meeting (NCHRP will provide teleconference services); and 
(5) Opportunities for the project panel to review, comment on, and approve milestone deliverables. 
Accomplishment of the project objective will require at least the following tasks. 

TASKS - Task 1. Provide a concise summary of relevant literature focused on public agency equipment management. This summary shall be suitable for partner engagement to solicit feedback from the group identified in Task 2. Task 2. Convene a group of at least 15 people from state departments of transportation, other agency fleet managers, and others familiar with equipment management to reach a consensus on the challenges facing equipment fleet managers and the research needed to address them. Task 3. Document the findings, research gaps, and recommendations based on the findings from Task 2. Task 4. Prepare the final deliverables that fulfill the project objective, including a research roadmap for equipment management.   
At a minimum, final deliverables will include: (1) A final report documenting the entire research effort; (2) A research roadmap for equipment management research, including a minimum of 10 research needs statements addressing research gaps; (3) A PowerPoint presentation describing the background, objectives, approach, findings, and conclusions; and  (4) A technical memorandum titled “Implementation of Research Findings and Products”. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2024 19:26:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2348472</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Weather Responsive Management Strategies Implementation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2342164</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) personnel who work in responding to extreme weather can greatly benefit from the ability to monitor live activities and analyze recent treatment progress. Handwritten brine logs can be supplemented with automated recordkeeping.  Sensing of winter operations (WinterOps) such as plowing, brine spraying, and gravel spreading is accomplished through the use of the GPS fleet tracking system already equipped in all TxDOT vehicles, along with the installation of a few low-cost items. WinterOps activities are then tracked without any special interaction required from the driver or operations personnel. Integration of visualizations with GIS systems provide powerful ways to use the collected data for improving safety, operations, and public communications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Feb 2024 15:41:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2342164</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Assessment of Cybersecurity at Public Transportation Agencies</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2307249</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increased focus on cybersecurity threats and attacks requires the transit industry to address the critical vulnerabilities of connected vehicles throughout the lifecycle of new and existing technologies. Many transit agencies are unaware of the full capabilities of the operational technology (OT) installed by the original equipment manufacturers and built-in features can present a cyber risk as an avenue of attack for a motivated threat actor. OT vehicle systemsrarely undergo cyber testing to identify critical vulnerabilities before deployment. With threat actors aggressively targeting criticalinfrastructure and the public transit sector, vulnerabilities in OT vehicle systems are unrecognized, untested, and unmitigated. In recent years, experiencing cyberattacks on vehicle OT systems have increased, resulting in service disruptions, safety and securityconcerns, and reputational risk.

Incident response (IR) is a key process to a healthy cybersecurity program. IR policies and processes must be aligned withcompliance frameworks, federal security directives, and cyber best practices. However, there is a need for guidance on structuring andformalizing an effective IR process, along with its associated policies. Establishing consistent and standard IR processes is critical inidentifying trends within the transit agency and across the greater transit community. Identifying key metrics and reporting supports the transit agency’s compliance with regulatory mandates and captures trends to better understand gaps in policy, procedure, ortechnology.

An important aspect of an IR plan involves each transit agency establishing clear criteria for categorizing events and incidents, and the associated reporting timelines and response activities based on severity or impact. The response actions for an event versus anincident varies greatly including how and when that information is reported to governing bodies such as the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), or Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISAC).

Currently, there are no standardized event and incident categories within the transit community, which can result in overreporting andunderreporting. Overreporting events can cause undue stress on transit agency’s IR team and skew the metrics collected for future improvements to the IR process. Underreporting incidents affect the ability to meet the requirements of federal directives and couldresult in decreased IR support from external parties. Each scenario leads to increased costs of incident investigation, root causeanalysis, and remediation of the impacts of a cyberattack. Research is needed to assess the vulnerability of cyberattacks on transitagencies how agencies respond to cyberattacks.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive toolkit of actionable strategies that transit agencies can use to prevent cyberattacks and effectively respond to cyber incidents. This research will examine (1) cybersecurity threat and attack vulnerability of connected vehicles and (2) cybersecurity incident and event categorization of connected vehicles. The key audiences for this project are state departments of transportation and U.S. public transportation providers in urbanized areas of all sizes, rural areas, and Tribal communities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2023 21:38:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2307249</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimizing Maintenance Technician Staffing Levels for Highway Maintenance Fleets</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2296639</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State departments of transportation (DOTs) routinely employ fleet maintenance technicians with a variety of technical backgrounds and skill levels to perform maintenance and repairs on agency fleets. State DOTs use a combination of in-house technicians, out-sourced repair shops, and equipment operators to perform specific functions. Allocations of staff assignments typically use formulas that consider common factors such as financial constraints, fleet age and condition, fleet equipment class mix, and the availability of adequately trained and credentialed technicians to complete the work. 

As highway maintenance equipment fleet technology evolves, the tools and methods used to assign maintenance technician staffing must also evolve. Rapidly aging fleets are creating new repair and maintenance challenges, and state DOTs are having difficulty hiring and retaining qualified fleet technicians. Vehicle fleets operated by state DOTs have become more complex and require specific technical expertise to maintain. As a result, previous methods to reach an optimal ratio of maintenance staff to fleet size are no longer effective. Research is needed to identify effective methods for optimizing the assignment of technicians to efficiently maintain state DOT fleets that reflect the evolution of the vehicle fleet technology and the skills required to keep the fleets in a good state of repair.  

The objective of this research is to develop an interactive tool that projects technician labor needs and assigns the technicians required to efficiently maintain vehicle fleets. To the extent practicable, the tool should address technician needs for repairs and maintenance activities using a standardized ratio, methodology, or formula that will guide the quantity, type, and source of staff assignments for specific fleet maintenance needs.

The tool should be applicable to any state DOT, regardless of the specific needs and conditions of the local context. A manual providing instruction on the application of the tool in decision-making should be developed to enable application and adaptation as vehicle fleet technologies and maintenance techniques evolve.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 2023 19:24:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2296639</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Fuel Fleet of Buses (AFB) to Enhance Mobility in Central Florida</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2093462</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of the project can be summarized as follows: (1) Collect performance data from the buses in real time with trip mapping to perform various sustainability analytics. (2) Conduct a comparative analysis for the alternative fuel bus technologies to quantify their life cycle sustainability impacts, including environmental impacts (e.g., carbon footprint, air pollution, energy consumption), social impacts (e.g., human health), and economic impacts (e.g., life cycle costs). (3) Investigate the impacts under different policy-relevant scenarios such as charging infrastructure, different ridership profiles, and different routes to better aid effective policymaking. (4) Determine the optimum fleet composition including the number of refueling stations under different market penetration rates, using multi-objective optimization techniques to help ease the transition period and avoid unnecessary investment in the infrastructure to aid transit agencies in optimizing fleet utilization and policymakers in designing effective policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Jan 2023 15:03:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2093462</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Matanuska-Susitna Borough Centralized Mobility Management Software</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2077901</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Matanuska-Susitna Borough will receive funding on behalf of four rural transit providers to implement a platform that centralizes dispatch, fleet management, call-taking and payment across providers. The system will assign trips to the lowest-cost, eligible provider and allow riders flexible request and payment options.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Dec 2022 09:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2077901</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Concepts for ADS Fleet Operations Monitoring to Enhance Safety.</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2050306</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Examine potential automated driving system (ADS) fleet management, maintenance, auditing, inspections, data collection, and reporting practices to maintain safe operations. This research program would explore all aspects of ADS fleet operations and develop options around oversight requirements needed to protect public’s best interest.  Simply put: what should ADS fleet mangers be doing to mitigate risk .....by knowing, would help inform what oversight role is needed by Government. (maybe this gets done after project 181).  Some references to FAA and aviation industry.  And FMCSA processes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2022 10:24:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2050306</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Food &amp; Flora Waste to Fleet Fuel (F4) Framework: Reaching the Next Technology Readiness Levels</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1756012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Food & Flora Waste to Fleet Fuel (F4) Framework helps evaluate the economic feasibility of creating renewable fleet fuel using existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) digester infrastructure. At WWTPs, food and flora (yard) waste, as well as wastewater sludge, can be used to produce biogas, which can be cleaned for use in natural gas vehicles, or burned to generate electricity for electric vehicles. The project aims to accomplish the following objectives:  
(1) Form and solicit input from a multi-disciplinary Advisory Group of state/regional government officials and industry representatives in transportation, solid waste management, wastewater, and agriculture (farm digesters), to guide advancement of the F4 Framework from TRL 5 to 8.
(2) Upgrade F4 to Version 2.0 via improvements arising from the previous project, Advisory Group recommendations, and case studies to be conducted in Obj. 3.
(3) Conduct case studies for two additional communities for conversion of food/yard waste to fleet fuel, and showcase the use of F4 Version 2.0 to estimate costs, fuel produced, and emission benefits.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Dec 2020 18:54:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1756012</guid>
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