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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Innovative Materials for Improved Roadway Mobility and Drainage Efficiency</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2677558</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Flood-related roadway closures and drainage failures cause major travel delays, increase congestion, and pose risks to public health and safety. Conventional stormwater culverts or highway drainage made from plastic, such as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), are vulnerable to deformation, cracking, and chemical degradation, particularly in high-temperature or chemically aggressive soils. This project develops and evaluates advanced recycled HDPE composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes for use in drainage pipes and highway culvert systems, designed to maintain roadway mobility and performance during extreme rainfall, with an emphasis on public health and safety benefits and long-term roadway performance.  

Laboratory-scale fabrication and mechanical testing will optimize the composition of carbon nanotube-reinforced recycled HDPE blends for improved fracture strength, chemical resistance, and physical properties. Past research by the PI has previously produced and evaluated nanoclay-reinforced recycled plastic, demonstrating established expertise in composite preparation and testing.   

The research team will collaborate with Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), El Paso Water Utilities, and El Paso County to validate the material in representative stormwater applications and to assess long-term material performance under demanding exposure conditions such as ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures. By utilizing recycled HDPE, the project reduces material waste while improving performance and supporting long-term infrastructure reliability. The project will also conduct performance analysis and compare lifecycle costs against conventional PVC or HDPE systems, providing guidelines for integrating innovative polymer composites into transportation drainage infrastructure that support efficient roadway operation and reduced flood-related mobility disruptions. This project undertakes breakthrough research by applying carbon nanotubes to strengthen recycled thermoplastics for stormwater drainage systems. It is an innovative effort combining material science, hydraulic engineering, and laboratory-scale testing.    

  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 13:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2677558</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interfacial Shear Transfer for Concrete Elements with Non-Corrosive Composite Reinforcement </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646936</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project will investigate a novel approach to enhance the dowel resistance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars when used as shear reinforcement construction of concrete bridges. Fiber reinforced polymer is known to be resistant to corrosion with potential benefits in bridge construction. However, it has low dowel action resistance, which can jeopardize the integrity of the composite action between precast/prestressed concrete and cast-in-place bridge deck slabs, which can lead to failure of the bridge girder system. Improving the dowel action resistance of GFRP stirrups will eliminate a barrier to wider adoption of non-corrosive GFRP bars in bridge construction. The objective of this project is to explore a novel approach whereby GFRP dowels will be placed at an angle to the shear interface between the precast beam and the cast-in-place deck for enhancing the horizontal shear resistance of fiber reinforced polymer dowels for the purpose of ensuring composite action in bridges built with non-corrosive reinforcement.  

The scope of the project is limited to GFRP bars, which is the most widely used rebar alternative due to its lower cost and acceptable properties compared to other types of fiber reinforced polymer bars. The contribution of the GFRP bars to the mechanism of shear transfer will be evaluated by using push-off specimens that have been successfully used for studying dowel action of steel bars. Push-off specimens with non-orthogonal GFRP dowels at two angles and two spacings are proposed to be tested experimentally along with a control specimen. The proposed specimens will explore the effect of different angles and dowel spacing on the interfacial shear resistance between concrete elements with GFRP dowls. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 22:26:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646936</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development Of Ultra High performance Concrete With Low-Density Flexible Fibers For Bridge Applications</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2633323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) for bridge elements, repair materials, and other applications often contains 2 % to 3 % by volume of steel fibers to impart resistance to plastic shrinkage, improve its resistance to abrasion and impacts, and to provide additional strength and fracture toughness. However, steel fibers are much heavier than organic fibers such as polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), while their stiffness and tensile strength are only modestly greater. UHPC for bridge elements could be made with a lower density and potentially higher strength-to-weight ratio if it could be reliably made with PP or PVA fibers instead of steel. PP and PVA fibers have the additional advantage that they are not susceptible to corrosion, are inert in alkaline environments, have negligible water absorption, impart greater impact resistance and abrasion resistance, and contribute less to greenhouse gas emissions than their steel counterparts. The objective is to determine the compressive strength, fracture toughness, and strength-to-weight ratios of chemically pretreated PP-reinforced UHPC as a function of PP dosage. The property variations with these variables will be linked to fiber dispersion and macro flaws using lab-scale X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 15:26:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2633323</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Patch Mixtures for Bridge Structures and Pavements</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2587115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to evaluate and enhance patching materials for pavements and bridge structures, focusing on high early strength and long-term performance. A comprehensive methodology, including literature review and laboratory testing, will be employed to identify optimal mixtures. The study will incorporate supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), fibers, and rapid-setting cements to improve durability and structural capacity. The findings will support the development of guidelines for the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to enhance the longevity and reliability of patching materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 09 Aug 2025 09:09:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2587115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design Guidance Development for Continuous Prestressed CFCC Strand Beams</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2562256</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The analysis of continuous bridge beams is more complicated than that of simply-supported beams. In much the same
way, construction of simply-supported beams is also much simpler than continuous prestressed beams. Yet, continuous
beam spans can be the best option in unique bridge projects. One project type includes bridge superstructures
replacement with limited clearance. The depth of the new bridge beam is limited by road clearance or high-water flood
elevation. Continuous span design with a reduced beam depth may be the best design alternative as the continuous
beam meets the loading requirements with a thinner cross section. 
Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) does not typically build continuous
superstructures where beams are designed to perform continuously with regard to loads. Additionally, the length of
beams is limited by shipping constraints, so deploying CFCC beams on short and medium span bridges seems more
feasible. CFCC has not been utilized in Michigan in draped conditions required for continuous beams, so the
configuration and design requirements need to be developed. This project will explore the possible application of new
materials and new designs in a combined effort.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2025 14:21:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2562256</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development and Characterization of UHPC Including Carbon Fibers and Internal Curing for Bridge Deck Overlays</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2509298</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) is an advanced concrete material with outstanding mechanical properties and considerable potential for extending the life of bridges. While traditionally based on Portland cement and reinforced with steel fibers, UHPC formulations reinforced with Carbon Fibers (CFs) of different scales have been recently investigated. Pilot experiments show promising results. Common dispersion techniques allow for CF contents under 1% by weight of cementitious content to avoid dispersion-related issues, such as clumping and balling, which affect the homogeneity of the matrix and deteriorate mechanical performance. These techniques are inefficient to fully explore the potential of CF in UHPC and additional research is needed to examine the effect of high concentrations of CF reinforcement on these matrices in pursuit of tensile properties equal to or above what is obtained with steel fiber reinforcement. Additionally, rapid setting and low shrinkage calcium sulfoaluminate cement and internal curing have significant potential for improving the speed of strength gain and improving overall performance of UHPC bridge deck overlays while reducing the unit weight of the material. 
This study will investigate UHPC formulations reinforced with high concentrations of CF at multiple scales using a dispersion technique that allows fiber contents of up to 4% by weight. Additionally, UHPC formulations using rapid setting cementitious materials and curing methods to achieve faster strength gain, reduced shrinkage, light weight, and improved durability will be investigated. This research entails the investigation of multi-scale carbon fiber reinforcement of UHPC mix designs aiming to achieve flexural strengths and strain hardening behavior similar or superior to the levels typically obtained with steel fibers. It will also examine the impact of calcium sulfoaluminate cement and internal curing on the same behaviors and compare performance of the best mix designs when used as a structural overlay. Small-scale four-point bending tests will be conducted to measure the flexural strength and ultimate strain of UHPC specimens and overlay specimens will be tested in flexure with the UHPC portion on the flexural tension side. The following tasks will be pursued in this multi-institutional study. Task 1: Evaluation of carbon fibers (lead: TAMU); Task 2: Evaluation of rapid setting calcium sulfoaluminate cement and internal curing (lead: OU); Task 3: SEM evaluation of microstructure (lead: TAMU); Task 4: Construction of overlay specimens (lead: OU and TAMU); Task 5: Bridge deck overlay specimen testing (lead: OU), and Task 6: Final report and dissemination of results (lead: TAMU and OU).
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 15:05:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2509298</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A High-Performance, Sustainable, Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Material for Highway Bridge Applications</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2498992</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project will develop a cost-effective, sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) using recycled steel fibers from scrap tires for highway bridge applications. Work in Stage 1 will focus on procuring and characterizing raw materials, followed by UHPC mixture formation and assessments of fresh properties, fiber distribution, and microstructure. An extensive material characterization of all raw materials needed to formulate the UHPC mixture will be performed. A micromechanics guided design approach will be utilized to design reliable and quality UHPC mixtures with 100% recycled steel fiber (RSF). The bond behavior between RSF and a typical UHPC matrix will be characterized and the bonding properties between RSF and UHPC matrix will be utilized to establish a fiber pullout constitutive model for RSF, which will then be integrated into a mesoscale model for fiber reinforced concrete materials to predict the tensile and cracking properties of resulting UHPC mixtures. The fresh properties of various UHPC mixtures, including the rheological characteristics, will also be measured. The fiber distribution and dispersion quality in UHPC will be studied using X-ray computed tomography (CT). The influence of the adhered rubber on the microstructure of UHPC mixtures will be observed via optical microscopy using thin section specimens. In Stage 2, the UHPC mechanical performance will be evaluated. After high-quality UHPC mixtures are formulated, their mechanical properties will be experimentally determined. For life cycle assessment, a hypothetical highway bridge case using the final optimum UHPC material will be created and a life cycle inventory analysis covering all phases of the structure life cycle will be performed. A comprehensive life cycle assessment study will be subsequently carried out to quantify the economic, social, and environmental benefits for the new UHPC structure. Recommendations for future research and implementation will be proposed. The final report will include all relevant data, methods, models, and conclusions along with recommendations, guidelines, and implementation plans.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2025 13:02:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2498992</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Precast concrete with self-powering defrosting capability</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491005</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Each year, 24% of weather-related vehicle crashes occur on snowy or icy pavement and 15% happen during snowfall or sleet. Over 1,300 people are killed and >116,800 people are injured in vehicle crashes on snowy or icy pavement annually. Snow and ice increase road maintenance costs. Winter road maintenance accounts for ~20% of State DOT maintenance budgets. State and local agencies spend more than $2.3 billion on snow and ice control operations annually. Each year, these road agencies also spend millions of dollars to repair infrastructure damage caused by snow and ice. This exploratory project is aimed at developing precast concrete with self-powering defrosting capability. Defrosting capability has long been shown to be effective in cement-based materials by resistance (Joule) heating, provided that conductive admixtures are used to reduce the resistivity. Short carbon fiber is the most cost-effective conductive admixture to greatly lower the resistivity, so that resistance heating becomes effective. Short steel microfiber is even more effective than short carbon fiber, but it is much higher in price.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:56:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491005</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance Based Specifications of Fiber Reinforced Concrete</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491105</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research aims to develop a prescriptive and performance-based specification that states could adopt to ensure the required performance in both crack resistance and contractibility of the fiber reinforced concrete.  This specification would use the Split Beam Test, ASTM C 1609, creep, and the Float Test to set performance limits for the different fibers.  This performance could then be specified based on the required performance or safe dosages of fibers could be prescribed based on the member.  For example, a sidewalk, overlay, and bridge deck may have different performance criteria.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 2025 15:24:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2491105</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Durability Assessment of Self-Sensible Ultra High-Performance Concrete (S2UHPC) for Infrastructure Rehabilitation Under Extreme Weather Conditions</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2475699</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The degradation and aging of transportation infrastructure in the United States present pressing challenges that require immediate and innovative solutions. Extreme weather events strain these critical systems, underscoring the need for materials and technologies capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions while providing insights into structural health. Traditional methods of structural health monitoring often rely on complex sensor arrays, which, despite their reliability, face challenges in durability, compatibility with concrete, and high installation costs. These limitations hinder the widespread adoption of structural health monitoring solutions across large transportation infrastructure networks. This research proposes Self-Sensible Ultra High-Performance Concrete (S2UHPC) as an innovative material solution for infrastructure rehabilitation that addresses these limitations. S2UHPC combines the high durability and mechanical strength of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) with intrinsic self-sensing capabilities, eliminating the need for additional sensor installations. Through the integration of conductive fillers, this material exhibits piezoresistive behavior, allowing it to autonomously monitor structural health by detecting changes in electrical resistance due to applied stress or environmental factors. This self-sensing function provides a low-cost, durable alternative for monitoring critical structural elements under extreme weather conditions. The study focuses on assessing the durability and sensing performance of S2UHPC in environments subjected to varying temperature and humidity conditions to evaluate how S2UHPC can withstand and adapt to the demands of rehabilitated infrastructure in vulnerable regions. To further improve its sensing consistency while maintaining cost-effectiveness, low-cost milled carbon fibers are introduced into the mix, facilitating a percolation network that enhances conductivity and provides stable, reliable sensing results. By integrating these fillers, S2UHPC achieves a balance between structural resilience and self-sensing capability, positioning it as an ideal material for applications in large-scale transportation infrastructure. 
This research aims to advance a next-generation infrastructure solution capable of autonomous monitoring, S2UHPC, which will be evaluated as a large-area coating on critical structural components such as columns, beams, slabs, and pavements. Through systematic experimental works, this study will optimize the material formulation of S2UHPC for performance under cyclic loading and environmental stressors, with an emphasis on durability and sensing reliability. The following tasks will be pursued: Task (1): Mix design and mixing procedure development; Task (2): Mechanical and electrical properties measurement; Task (3): Durability evaluation and microstructure characterization of S2UHPC under various environmental conditions, and Task (4): Material design optimization.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Dec 2024 19:52:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2475699</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strengthening and corrosion protection of coastal transportation infrastructure with titanium alloy bars </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2437858</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Strengthening reinforced concrete structures using the near-surface mounded retrofit (NSMR) technique is an established approach in structural engineering practice. Besides conventional fiber reinforced polymer-based retrofitting materials, in recent years, Grade 5 titanium alloy bars (TiABs) have been shown to effectively and economically increase shear and flexural strength of existing reinforced concrete structures. Mix metal oxides (MMO) coated Grade 1 or 2 titanium is a widely used anode in impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems to mitigate reinforcement corrosion issues in existing structures. Grade 5 TiAB bars, even though they are not designed specifically to be used ICCP applications, have also been shown in preliminary studies to work as ICCP anodes. Integrating NSRM and ICCP applications provides a unique opportunity for a multi-functional (dual-purpose) solution that can provide immediate capacity restoration and mitigate future reinforcement corrosion issues in existing structures. However, the lack of surface coating might have implications with respect to their ICCP performance and durability, which requires further investigation.  To address this gap, this project investigates the role of MMO coating of TiAB bas on their ICCP performance. The project involves benchtop scale electrochemical studies to investigate the role of MMO in maintaining a stable and long-term impressed current. The performance of these systems is further investigated when the MMO coated bars are embedded in cementitious systems as ICCP anodes. The results are compared against MMO-coated Grade 1/2 ICCP anodes and bare TiAB.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Oct 2024 15:52:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2437858</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cracking-resistant Concrete for Durable Coastal Structures</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2422881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research project aims to develop a crack-resistant and durable fiber reinforced concrete for coastal structures. The primary objective is to investigate the synergetic utilization of internal curing (IC) materials and recycled steel fibers (RSF) obtained from scrap tires. There have been continuous efforts to utilize IC agents to mitigate shrinkage and associated cracking in concrete for bridge decks. However, studies on using IC materials to control cracks and improve structural performance in concrete pavements are limited. Although lightweight aggregates (LWA) and superabsorbent polymers (SAP) have been used as IC agents, incorporating them can lead to a reduction in the mechanical properties of concrete. The reduced mechanical properties of internally cured concrete can be alleviated by incorporating RSF, which are abundant in the United States. Integrating IC materials with RSF can potentially provide resistance to crack opening and propagation, thereby enhancing the durability of concrete. Furthermore, adding RSF to internally cured concrete could potentially replace (partially or completely) the conventional steel reinforcement in pavement structures. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Aug 2024 14:12:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2422881</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strengthening Piers to Resist Vehicular Collision</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2317394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The need to strengthen existing piers to resist collision forces is being encountered frequently in multiple Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) districts and a better understanding of strengthening methods with concrete collars, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) collars, FRPs or other optimized methods would make those repairs more cost efficient. This project will be a synthesis study of previously completed research with analysis performed to develop design details for strengthening with conventional concrete, UHPC, and CFRP wrap. Finite element methods for evaluating damage to bridge piers with applied impact load are well documented in the literature and can be followed to complete analysis for the three aforementioned repair strategies. The research shall include an appropriate baseline case for comparison. Areas where further research is required to develop design procedures and construction details will be identified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2024 15:02:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2317394</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determining the Effect of Changing Relative Area on the Galvanic Corrosion Rate of Contacting Dissimilar Metals/Materials</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2335372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research objectives are to: (1) Conduct accelerated laboratory testing to predict the impact of changing the relative surface area on the corrosion behavior of contacting dissimilar materials under conditions commonly experienced in Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) concrete bridge structures (focus on steel/stainless steel, CFRP/stainless steel). (2) Provide specific recommendations for inclusion in the Standard Specifications and Structures Design Guidelines on acceptable quantities/ratios of each material that can be placed in electrical contact with each other as reinforcement in a concrete bridge. (3) Review limitation in the FDOT Structures Design Guidelines on using CFRP and Stainless-Steel in the same element for a target service life of 75 to 100 years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2024 14:58:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2335372</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and Detailing of Anchorages for Externally Bonded CFRP - Phase 2</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2353877</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of this research will investigate improving the process and efficiency of repairing bridge girders that have insufficient shear capacity with CFRPs. This could result in fewer bridges needing replacement due to insufficient capacity, allowing a more optimized design, and reducing the construction time of the repair. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of the proposed details and to compare the performance of various anchoring methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2024 14:48:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2353877</guid>
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