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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Electric Energy Storing, Self Sensing Reinforced Concrete Elements</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2512624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of this research are (1) to develop and design cementitious materials to increase the electric energy storage in ESSE elements, (2) to analytically and experimentally assess the structural performance of ESSE reinforced concrete (RC) elements designed with plate reinforcement, (3) to analytically estimate and experimentally measure the amount of electric energy that can be stored in ESSE RC elements, and (4) to experimentally measure the change of electric energy storage capacity during loading and failure of ESSE elements and assess the self-sensing potential of ESSE RC elements. Electric energy storage in infrastructure has significant economic and environmental benefits since they can potentially contribute to the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear power and can be well-integrated with solar and wind energy production. Electric energy storage technologies can reduce the demand on the grid and therefore reduce its maintenance cost, increase its service life, and reduce the associated environmental emissions with energy production. Distributed electric energy storage technologies such as ESSE RC, can increase the resilience of electricity grid against natural hazards such as hurricanes and earthquakes. The self-sensing aspect of ESSE members will contribute to the enhancement of infrastructure safety, in particular to that of transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 22:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Techno-Economic Analyses of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Systems</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1353341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project has developed computer models to evaluate the techno economic implications of a large-scale electrified transportation sector. The model factors include developing a network of EVs and the electric grid, developing the infrastructure for EV charging, integrating the transportation and power systems into the urban setting, studying the impact of distributed energy storage and determining the economic impact of increased renewable energy and EVs on the electricity grid. The current research focuses upon several innovative aspects of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging and grid feedback. Results are presented in four papers. Results show that energy storage and reactive power supplied by EVs through V2G operation can be coordinated to provide voltage support, thus reducing the need of grid reinforcement and active power curtailment and in turn improving EV charging capacity of the overall system. An optimization and control framework is needed to manage energy storage while using the remaining capacity of V2G to generate reactive power and cooperatively perform voltage control. The resilience analyses of power grid with a high level of renewable and EV penetration has been investigated. To present this result, a resiliency index was used that will capture the total loads which cannot be supplied under line removal due to extreme weather conditions. Using this index, a control strategy based on line switching is proposed to minimize the total load shedding and to guarantee the power delivery to critical loads due to line outages. This project and its V2G results have a very broad scope and implications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2015 01:00:36 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Effect of Electric Vehicles on Power System Expansion and Operation</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1353340</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project examined the effects of electric vehicles (EVs) on Hawaii’s electricity systems and their operation and expansion. The tasks include four interrelated parts: (1) benchmarking an open-source power system planning model previously developed by University of Hawaii researchers against an industry-standard production cost model; (2) evaluating the benefits of scheduling EV charging at optimal times each day; (3) calculating the technical requirements and costs of electric grid infrastructure to serve different types of vehicle fleets; and (4) estimating battery duty cycles for grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid applications.  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2015 01:00:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1353340</guid>
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      <title>America's Energy Future: Technology Opportunities, Risks, and Tradeoffs</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1227943</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study will critically evaluate the current and projected state of development of energy supply, storage, and end use technologies. The study will not make policy recommendations, but it will analyze where appropriate the role of public policy in determining the demand and cost for energy and the configuration of the nation's energy systems. The committee will develop a "reference scenario" that reflects a projection of current economic, technology cost and performance, and policy parameters into the future. Within that scenario, the committee will evaluate energy technologies with respect to: Estimated times to readiness for deployment Current and projected costs (e.g., per unit of energy production or savings); Current and projected performance (e.g., efficiency, emissions per unit of output); Key technical, environmental, economic, policy, and social factors that would enhance or impede development and deployment;Key environmental (including CO2 mitigation), economic, energy security, social, and other life-cycle impacts arising from deployment; Key research and development (R&amp;D) challenges. The committee may assess the sensitivity of these factors to possible variations in the key economic, technology cost and performance, and policy parameters that define the reference scenario. The primary focus of the study will be on existing technologies and technologies likely to be available for deployment within the next decade. A secondary focus will be on technologies with longer times to deployment. The study will specifically provide estimates and findings on the following: For current technologies and technologies where initial deployment is judged to be within the next decade: estimates of costs, performance, and impacts. For technologies where deployment is judged likely to be between 10 and 25 years: findings regarding key factors that enhance or impede adoption, implications for costs, and R&amp;D challenges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 13:11:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1227943</guid>
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