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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>In Situ Performance Monitoring of Bridge Joints Constructed with Rapid-Setting Concrete</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2689761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effectiveness of Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) relies on the performance and durability of field-placed connections, particularly those utilizing Rapid-Setting Concrete (RSC). While ABC significantly reduces construction time and minimizes traffic disruptions, its success is contingent upon ensuring that these connections exhibit long-term structural integrity and durability under real-world conditions. A primary concern with RSC joints is their susceptibility to environmental and mechanical stressors, including freeze-thaw cycles, chloride ingress from deicing salts, shrinkage-induced cracking, and repeated loading from traffic. These factors can compromise load transfer efficiency, stiffness, and overall durability, leading to higher maintenance demands and potential early-life failures.
One of the key questions facing transportation agencies is whether performance-based specifications for RSC joints are adequately calibrated to address real-world service conditions. While these specifications help ensure quality, they also increase material costs and require extensive laboratory testing and quality control oversight. Given that ABC aims to accelerate construction without compromising long-term resilience, a critical knowledge gap remains regarding how well RSC joints perform under in-service conditions as compared to their expected design performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 09:42:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2689761</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing Residual Strength of Post-Tensioned Elements with Corrosion-Induced Tendon Failure</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research team will assess the residual strength of post-tensioned (PT) bridge elements with corrosion-induced tendon failures to support the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT) maintenance and evaluation efforts. The research team will develop recommendations for assessing structural capacity and identifying effective maintenance strategies. Experimental testing will be conducted in two phases to evaluate corrosion-induced bond degradation and tendon corrosion effects near the anchor points. These tests will evaluate bond degradation, stress redistribution, and failure mechanisms for strand configurations that are either centrally aligned or offset to one side of the tendon. The research team will also perform an analytical study using finite element modelling to simulate corrosion scenarios and validate structural performance. The research team will develop practical guidelines for Receiving Agency engineers, including assessment methodologies and maintenance recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:32:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652073</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rehabilitation of Deteriorated Timber Piles Using Ultra High Performance Concrete </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646939</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The proposed research focuses on rehabilitating deteriorated timber piles using Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) to extend the service life of aging bridge infrastructure commonly found across rural Louisiana. Timber piles are increasingly affected by environmental and biological degradation, particularly at wet-dry interface zones, as well as physical damage from floating debris, excessive loading, and failure of adjacent piles. Full replacement of the piles is often economically unfeasible, making an effective rehabilitation solution essential due to its lower cost, reduced material usage, and minimal disruption to service.  

This project will develop a novel UHPC-based rehabilitation strategy specifically tailored for deteriorated timber piles, with the goal of restoring structural performance, enhancing durability, and enabling practical field implementation. A key technical contribution lies in the development and experimental validation of an effective composite interface between timber and UHPC. Through targeted small-scale experiments, the bond and shear transfer mechanisms at the timber-UHPC interface will be quantified, and optimal surface preparation techniques will be identified to maximize bond performance, an area currently lacking standardized guidance. Large-scale experimental testing will generate a comprehensive dataset on the structural performance of deteriorated timber piles strengthened with UHPC jackets, evaluating the effectiveness of different rehabilitation configurations. These tests will assess critical performance parameters such as axial load-carrying capacity, stiffness recovery, and failure modes, under conditions that simulate field-relevant deterioration.  

Complementing the experimental work, advanced finite element modeling will be developed and validated against the experimental findings. This model will capture the complex interaction between timber and UHPC under service conditions and will serve as a predictive tool for evaluating the efficacy of different rehabilitation configurations. Through a comprehensive parametric study, the model will be used to investigate the influence of key design variables. The findings from both experimental and numerical investigations will provide valuable insights into the structural enhancement achievable through UHPC rehabilitation and will significantly advance current practice by development of practical design guidelines and recommendations. This work will promote the adoption of UHPC as durable, high-performance solutions for extending the service life of aging timber piles in transportation and waterfront infrastructure. 

Consultation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) will guide the research direction and assist in planning future in-field applications. By delivering a scalable, effective, and economically viable rehabilitation strategy, this research directly supports the mission of the Southern Plains Transportation Center (SPTC) and aligns with the USDOT’s statutory priority of improving the durability and extending the service life of transportation infrastructure. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 22:38:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646939</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Damage Progression of Highway Bridges and Operational Vibration-Waveforms
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2627353</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dynamic response of civil structures has long been utilized in damage detection. Techniques such as vibration-based damage identification, usually focused on experimentally determining modal parameters, have shown promising applications in detecting damage on bridges. A major drawback of most current damage-detection techniques, including the current video-based approach using drones, is their inability to explain the cause or the condition under which certain types of damage occur at different locations on the bridge. In this work, a nondestructive vibration-based approach, operational response and waveform analysis (ORWA), will be used to determine a cause and possible prevention solutions to the local damage occurring on bridges. In ORWA, damage on a bridge is correlated to the structural motions that are generated by the operational crossing traffic. By identifying the type and speed of vehicles that can put the bridge in deformation modes that can cause detrimenttal damage when they cross the bridge, new mitigation, maintenance, and (potentially) traffic rules can be developed to reduce these effects. In a previous work supported by the Iowa Department of Transportation, the initial idea of ORWA was presented and tested on a single-span highway bridge. A modified form of ORWA was developed and used finite element analysis to correlate traffic vibration waveforms with the modal response of the bridge. In this work, ORWA will be enhanced to include a camera-based system that would be integrated and synched with the vibration waveform measurements. The newly developed ORWA will be tested and validated on two bridges in Iowa.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 14:42:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2627353</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>2320 Service Life of Bridge Deck Repairs using Flood Coats</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2606528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this research is to address the premature deterioration of bridge decks due to a combination of shrinkage-induced cracking, cyclic loading from traffic, and chemical ingress from deicing salts. These factors not only reduce the structural service life of bridge decks but also impose significant maintenance costs on state infrastructure budgets. A widely used technique to address such deterioration is the application of epoxy or methyl methacrylate (MMA) flood coats. These materials are designed to penetrate surface cracks, seal voids, and prevent ingress of moisture and salts. However, concerns remain regarding the long-term performance of these coatings due to their brittleness, temperature sensitivity, and limited bonding durability under cyclic environmental and loading conditions. This study proposes a comprehensive investigation into the service life and performance characteristics of conventional epoxy and MMA coatings and two emerging advanced materials: (a) alumina nanoparticle (ANP)-modified MMA, and (b) a ceramic polymer coating known as CeramycGuard.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2025 10:09:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2606528</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advancing Forensic Investigation of Concrete Distresses at VTRC with Focus on Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2567104</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC) plays a pivotal role in supporting Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) by providing technical assistance to districts in addressing field-related issues. Traditionally, forensic investigations conducted by VTRC have relied on petrography, primarily utilizing light microscopy techniques such as stereo and polarizing light microscopy. While effective, this approach has inherent limitations, including labor-intensive sample preparation, reliance on visual assessments, and subjectivity in interpretation. Moreover, the current dependency on external consultants for forensic evaluations results in significant costs and delays, impacting timely decision-making. To address these challenges, VTRC is modernizing its forensic investigation capabilities by integrating advanced analytical instruments, including Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).These techniques not only reduce subjectivity but also improve the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of forensic assessments.
The adoption of these technologies will significantly enhance VTRC’s ability to investigate key durability concerns such as alkali-silica reaction (ASR), delayed ettringite formation (DEF), and sulfate attack. Furthermore, future expansions of this research will explore applications in chloride diffusion, freeze-thaw resistance, air content analysis, and thermal distress assessments. Additionally, the development of a comprehensive database and algorithm for data interpretation will further refine forensic evaluations, ensuring consistency 
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2025 09:50:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2567104</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Probabilistic Methods for Service Life Design of Steel Bridge Elements

</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2558382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide Specification for Service Life Design of Highway Bridges (HBSLD-1) and Guide to Bridge Preservation Actions (BPA-1) have had a positive impact on state departments' of transportation (DOTs) ability to design concrete structures to achieve a target service life. Within HBSLD-1, resistance to chloride-induced corrosion deterioration in concrete has been calibrated based on full probabilistic service life modeling. However, current design methods for structural steel take the form of deemed-to-satisfy provisions based on past practices and historical performance without probabilistic calibration. A more rigorous probabilistic method using a deterioration model for steel structures is desired to achieve improved reliability to meet the selected target service life. The model would allow steel elements to be designed for service life demands (e.g., environmental exposure conditions) in addition to other AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications limit states. Research is needed to develop and validate deterioration models for steel bridge elements.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop a calibrated probabilistic deterioration model for design to make informed decisions about the target service life of nonrenewable steel bridge (NSB) elements under varied corrosion protection strategies and environmental conditions.  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2025 14:10:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2558382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simplified Calculation of Liner and Soil Deformations in Tunnels Subjected to Internal Explosions (UTI-UTC 34)
</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2543427</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to develop a simplified analytical framework for evaluating the structural response of tunnel liners and surrounding soil systems subjected to internal explosive loads. By applying a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model integrated with Winkler foundation principles, the research provides a practical and efficient method for estimating deformation behavior without the need for full-scale numerical simulations. The framework accounts for varying explosive intensities, tunnel geometry, and material properties to predict the extent of structural damage and ground-structure interaction. Validation is conducted through comparisons with experimental data and higher-fidelity simulations. The outcomes of this project contribute to improving the design and resilience assessment of underground transportation tunnels, especially in scenarios involving accidental or intentional explosive threats.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2025 17:05:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2543427</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Data-Supported Quantification of Bridge Deck Degradation Using GDOT’s Road Maintenance Data and Other Data Available </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2508900</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary aim of this project is to leverage the Georgia Department of Transporation (GDOT)'s extensive data resources to accurately quantify damage or degradation in bridge deck slabs, with the overarching goal of improving safety and mobility. This objective encompasses three main goals: (1) Implementing a geospatial data visualization approach to monitor road surface maintenance activities specifically on bridge decks, (2) Developing methods to quantify bridge deck degradation effectively, and (3) Investigating the impact of changes in traffic patterns on bridge maintenance and condition data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Feb 2025 14:59:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2508900</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving Bridge Deck Deterioration Curves by Combining Extreme Weather and Infrastructure Data Sources</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2480347</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With more than 600,000 bridges in service around the United States and half of them constructed before the 70s according to National Bridge Inventory (NBI) and an unprecedented number of record-level extreme weather phenomena within the last decade, there is a pressing need to improve the management and decision-making processes when it comes to predicting bridge performance and prioritizing maintenance activities. Such maintenance activities are typically emerging faster in bridge decks, due to the increased exposure of such elements to severe weather and traffic conditions. Attempts to include environmental and traffic factors in bridge performance indicators, such as deterioration curves, have demonstrated the need to develop region-specific approaches to better predict deterioration of transportation infrastructure. The objective of this study is to offer a detailed regional quantification of the impact that environmental and traffic factors have on bridge deck structural deterioration curves used for bridge maintenance by fusing environmental quantities (freeze thaw cycles, extreme heat, snow, rainfall) as captured by local monitoring stations (Mesonet grid) and by traffic data as recorded by NBI and probe vehicle data. The project, with a focus on bridge deck components, is also set to account for expansion joints, wherever present, and how their environmental deterioration might impact the overall deck performance. Also, issues related to traffic re-routing due to maintenance will be investigated utilizing a network level approach, to better capture local rerouting and temporary traffic increase, that might further burden neighboring bridges. 
Through this effort, a user-friendly, regional decision support system for complementing the current bridge management tools will be developed, to best inform the prioritization of maintenance interventions. Such advancement would allow for the consideration of multiple weather and traffic-driven accelerating factors in the decision making-process, enabling the projection of future deterioration rates. This work is expected to have impacts on the bridge management sector, since it is set to impact the transportation network in terms of enhancing the durability of the bridge inventory and reduce the associated repair costs by intervening on the right time to prevent further deterioration that would result in higher repair costs. In addition to this, the granularity of information related to weather patterns could pave the way for the development of vulnerability indices for existing transportation infrastructure, depending on the availability of data regarding infrastructure performance levels.
The following tasks will be pursued in this study. Task 1: Analyze weather data from Oklahoma’s Mesonet to build time series of environmental quantities (extreme temperature variations, freeze-thaw cycles, ice conditions, humidity, precipitation). Develop relationships looking to correlate bridge-deck deterioration rates to weather patterns. Task 2: Identify and process available information related to deck expansion joints, aiming to quantify the weather and traffic deterioration that such elements experience. After ensuring data quality, correlate the expansion joint condition to the deck condition, and identify importance of maintenance in such cases, given that damaged joints might allow water and humidity to penetrate further in the structural elements. Task 3: Perform network level analysis to incorporate aging information related to the bridge condition, along with weather patterns and traffic load data to identify critical locations within the system that will necessitate immediate interventions. Task 4: Combine the results/findings from the tasks above to develop a pilot platform.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 15:51:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2480347</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Silane Bridge Deck Ratings</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2464348</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has been very methodical and consistent with bridge deck ratings, it would be great to look at progression of silane bridge deck ratings since MoDOT moved to silane sealers 10-15 years ago.  The research would determine if deterioration has slowed.  MoDOT now uses 100% silane and have been told that decks with 100% silane only need to be sealed once and never again.  This project will look at that claim to determine if it is accurate that MoDOT would never seal again, or if not if the frequency of reapplication can be reduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Nov 2024 11:49:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2464348</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quantum Machine Learning and Railway Deterioration and Operations</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431697</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the potential of Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs) for predicting track geometry failures, a critical challenge in railway safety. Modern track inspection methods generate massive datasets exhibiting characteristics of big data. Classical machine learning techniques may struggle to efficiently analyze this data. To address this challenge, the research team explores QSVMs, leveraging the unique properties of quantum mechanics for potentially faster and more efficient data processing. The research compares the performance of different QSVM circuit layouts against a classical SVM using track geometry data. The results show that circular and shifted alternating circular QSVM circuits outperform the classical SVM in predicting track failures, achieving test accuracy exceeding 65%. While other circuits perform comparably to the classical SVM, all QSVM circuits exhibited superior training accuracy. These findings suggest that QSVMs can be a valuable tool for track maintenance, potentially exceeding the capabilities of traditional machine learning techniques. However, selecting the optimal QSVM approach requires careful consideration of circuit layout, depth, and available computational resources. Future research should focus on optimizing QSVM algorithms and exploring their broader applicability in railway safety as quantum computing technology advances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Sep 2024 21:17:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431697</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Machine Learning and Railway Track Deterioration Part 1:  Degree of Railroad Ballast Fouling Using Gaussian Process Regression</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431698</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to investigate the intensity of ballast fouling on a railroad using track geometry data and data from ground penetrating radar generated from an 1820ft railway line. The data from the railway line was segmented, and each segment comprised mostly geometric data and one variable of both ballast properties and environmental data. The Gaussian process regression model used in this paper shows a significant relationship between the predictor and response variables. In addition, the model generated a feature importance plot to ascertain the contribution of each variable to ballast fouling on the rail line. The performance metrics generated from the model and the surface response show that Gaussian process regression can be used to gain insight into the nature of fouling on a railway track.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Sep 2024 21:14:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2431698</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Life-Cycle Seismic Resilience Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridges in Aggressive Environments</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2404033</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges in seismic-prone areas may experience multiple earthquakes during their service periods. The exposure of RC bridges in aggressive environments can exacerbate structural deteriorations and reduce their capacity to withstand seismic events. In the meantime, structural damages due to earthquakes may increase the exposure of reinforced steel to aggressive environments and expedite the chloride-induced corrosion processes. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions of the effects of corrosion and seismic events on structural deterioration is very important to provide a realistic assessment of bridge life-cycle resilience. However, most existing studies have mainly estimated the effect of corrosion-induced deterioration on structural capacity against hazards. While it is really necessary, the impacts of structural damages following earthquakes on the time-dependent corrosion processes have not been investigated in any depth. Moreover, small magnitude earthquakes with high-probability may continuously affect the processes of deterioration for RC bridges, which has been ignored in existing studies. In this context, this project contributes to filling the research gaps by proposing a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework that combines the structural damages due to seismic events and theexposure to non-uniform corrosion for RC bridges. First, the probability seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is utilized to generate a stochastic set of seismic events with multiple levels of magnitudes and the ground motions at the bridge location of interest. Then, the time-dependent bridge deterioration model is developed by incorporating the interaction of the effects of corrosion and seismic event on structural behaviors, and subsequently used for the assessment of life-cycle resilience. Finally, a RC bridge in Seattle, WA is applied as the case study to illustrate this proposed framework. By doing so, the proposed framework can provide a more realistic resilience assessment for RC bridges under the combined effects of corrosion and seismic event, which can help bridge managers to determine effective resilience-enhancing strategies in long-term development planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2024 15:31:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2404033</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comprehensive Diagnostic System for Corrosion Assessment of Concrete Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2344530</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concrete undergoes numerous physical and chemical changes during its service life that are induced by the transport of moisture and ingress of ionic species. Comprehensive non-destructive monitoring tools that enable the diagnosis and prognosis of concrete health are vital for managing, forecasting, and hence reducing the cost of maintenance and repair while improving infrastructure safety. Current structural health monitoring (SHM) tools are limited to the use of sensors that only interrogate parameters including displacement, strain, and temperature. Such sensors can identify whether damage has developed but cannot provide any indication of the "underlying chemical distress," which is often the root cause of the damage. To ensure the safety of reinforced concrete structures and determine their fitness for service, it is essential to develop a comprehensive SHM system that uses a suite of chemical sensors to monitor, forecast, and elucidate structural remediation protocols. From a mechanistic standpoint, steel corrosion is an electrochemical process, and, therefore, detection of steel corrosion necessitates the monitoring of chemical indicators relevant to the electrochemical process. The objective of the project is to build upon preliminary work to develop a comprehensive sensing system to enable real-time and "off-site" monitoring of the health of concrete infrastructure. Targeting External Sulfate Attack (ESA), a key contributor to concrete deterioration, this project integrates an optical fiber-based remote Raman probe with fiber optic distributed strain sensors. This advanced system is set to outperform traditional resistance measurement methods, offering in-depth, real-time monitoring of concrete integrity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 2024 12:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2344530</guid>
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