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    <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://rip.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Research in Progress (RIP)</title>
      <url>https://rip.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle-RIP.jpg</url>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Hyperspectral Imaging for Corrosion Detection in Bridge Structures</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2696155</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The proposed research will investigate the use of hyperspectral imaging for
identifying corrosion of reinforced concrete and steel bridge components.
Research outputs will comprise (1) data characterizing the efficacy of hyperspectral
imaging for identification of corrosion prior to corrosion products being visible to
the human eye, (2) data characterizing the link between corrosion products that
are visible via hyperspectral imaging and the extent of steel mass loss for
reinforced concrete and steel bridge components, and (3) recommendations for
using hyperspectral imaging as part of a comprehensive bridge inspection and
maintenance program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 19:49:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2696155</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Corrosion Resistance of Using Very High Strength Steel Reinforcing Bars in Reinforced Concrete Beams– An Experimental and Analytical Approach</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2694443</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Project Description: Advancements in manufacturing methods and the growing demand for high-strength materials in reinforced concrete have led to the development of steel reinforcing bars with strengths exceeding 100 ksi. These ultra-high-strength bars hold significant promise for bridge construction, as they could extend feasible span lengths beyond those achievable with conventional reinforcement while still meeting strength and serviceability requirements. Their use can also reduce girder depth, leading to material savings and lower overall construction costs. However, successful implementation requires addressing key concerns regarding serviceability and durability. Critical factors include corrosion resistance, structural behavior, and ductility of beams reinforced with these high-strength bars. 
The primary objective of the proposed work is to investigate the durability (corrosion resistance) and serviceability of concrete girders reinforced with very high-strength reinforcement, by testing bond-slip relationship between corroded and non-corroded steel rebars and concrete. 12 medium-span (8 in x 12 in x 10 ft) concrete beams will be cast and tested for strength and ductility. Six of the 12 beams will be subjected to accelerated corrosion. Under controlled conditions, the research team will test the strength and ductility characteristics of the beams reinforced with these bars. 
By addressing the performance of very high-strength reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete girders and their behavior under corrosive conditions, this project advances the application of durable, next-generation materials for transportation infrastructure.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 18:10:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2694443</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Feasibility of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) as Joint Material for Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2694442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Advancements in manufacturing methods and the growing demand for high-strength materials in reinforced concrete have led to the development of steel reinforcing bars with strengths exceeding 100 ksi. These ultra-high-strength bars hold significant promise for bridge construction, as they could extend feasible span lengths beyond those achievable with conventional reinforcement while still meeting strength and serviceability requirements. Their use can also reduce girder depth, leading to material savings and lower overall construction costs. However, successful implementation requires addressing key concerns regarding serviceability and durability. Critical factors include corrosion resistance, structural behavior, and ductility of beams reinforced with these high-strength bars. 
The primary objective of the proposed work is to investigate the durability (corrosion resistance) and serviceability of concrete girders reinforced with very high-strength reinforcement, by testing bond-slip relationship between corroded and non-corroded steel rebars and concrete. 12 medium-span (8 in x 12 in x 10 ft) concrete beams will be cast and tested for strength and ductility. Six of the 12 beams will be subjected to accelerated corrosion. Under controlled conditions, the research team will test the strength and ductility characteristics of the beams reinforced with these bars. 
This study directly supports the mission of the Center for Healthy and Durable Transportation (CHDT), a University Transportation Center (UTC), whose primary research focus is enhancing the durability and service life of transportation infrastructure through innovative construction materials and techniques. By addressing the performance of very high-strength reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete girders and their behavior under corrosive conditions, this project advances the application of durable, next-generation materials for transportation infrastructure.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 13:16:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2694442</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mixed metal oxide-coated titanium alloy reinforcement for ultra-durable coastal transportation infrastructure -&gt; bridging toward infinity (OSU)</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2663234</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The proposed research will develop and validate a novel class of mixed metal oxide (MMO)–coated titanium alloy structural bars (TiABs) for coastal transportation applications. The bars combine high mechanical performance with integrated corrosion resistance to deliver next-generation, ultra-durable infrastructure. Conventional reinforcing steel is prone to chloride-induced corrosion that requires ongoing maintenance and remediation costs leading to shortened service life and more frequent replacement. This proposal seeks to protect conventional steel bars by integrating them with MMO-coated TiABs. TiABs naturally form a stable passive oxide film that provide exceptional corrosion resistance. By adding MMO coatings to them, including RuO₂ or IrO₂ formulations that are widely used in cathodic protection systems, the TiAB coated bars are expected to have high conductivity, low consumption rates, and remain structurally stabile over decades. Combining and leveraging the MMO and TiAB properties, the proposed approach will provide load-bearing elements and long-life corrosion-resistant members and can function as active, dimensionally stable anodes within an impressed-current cathodic protection scheme to protect a bridge from corrosion damage.
The research will (1) design and fabricate titanium alloy bars with MMO coatings with endurable integrity; (2) characterize the mechanical, fatigue, and electrochemical performance under simulated bridge service environments (chloride exposure, wet/dry cycling, combined mechanical stresses); (3) test large-scale structural elements (column specimens) incorporating the coated bars, to evaluate structural performance and durability; and (4) develop design guidelines, life-cycle cost models, and construction details tailored to field implementation. Success in this project would produce a structural reinforcement technology capable of dramatically extending bridge service life, reducing maintenance costs, and improving resilience for the especially harsh marine environments. Through testing, modeling, and design, this work aims to establish a viable path for adoption of titanium + MMO systems in next-generation infrastructure to provide exceptionally long-lived bridges.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Jan 2026 12:19:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2663234</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing Residual Strength of Post-Tensioned Elements with Corrosion-Induced Tendon Failure</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research team will assess the residual strength of post-tensioned (PT) bridge elements with corrosion-induced tendon failures to support the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT) maintenance and evaluation efforts. The research team will develop recommendations for assessing structural capacity and identifying effective maintenance strategies. Experimental testing will be conducted in two phases to evaluate corrosion-induced bond degradation and tendon corrosion effects near the anchor points. These tests will evaluate bond degradation, stress redistribution, and failure mechanisms for strand configurations that are either centrally aligned or offset to one side of the tendon. The research team will also perform an analytical study using finite element modelling to simulate corrosion scenarios and validate structural performance. The research team will develop practical guidelines for Receiving Agency engineers, including assessment methodologies and maintenance recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:32:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2652073</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Dual Grade/Hybrid Steel Plate Girders Utilizing Stainless Steel</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646068</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Corrosion is a significant concern for steel bridges, and if not properly designed for or mitigated, can lead to costly maintenance or service failures. One option for making steel bridges more corrosion-resistant is to use 50CR steel (formerly ASTM A1010 steel), which is a stainless steel having similar mechanical properties to typical bridge steels with much greater corrosion resistance. While 50CR steel is attractive due to its corrosion resistance, it’s cost, relative to traditional carbon steel, may preclude it from use due to budgetary restraints. One option for making 50CR steel bridges more cost-effective is by using a dual-grade girder, in which 50CR is used in targeted corrosive locations, while conventional steel, such as uncoated ASTM A709 Grade 50W or coated steel, are used elsewhere. By using the more costly material where it provides the most benefit, dual-grade girders have the potential to achieve life cycle cost savings by reducing future maintenance and increasing the overall service life of the girder. There has been limited research addressing the strength and corrosion performance of 50CR welded to traditional carbon steels. This research will quantify the corrosion behavior and the galvanic corrosion potential through accelerated corrosion tests. Strength tests will also be performed to evaluate any potential issues with the welding processes required for hybrid welding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 11:32:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2646068</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing The Capacity of Four Steel Hinges Extracted from Existing Bridges</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2607888</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Girder hinge connection details are susceptible to corrosion and stress concentrations that can lead to reduced capacities in steel bridges. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) has recently replaced and salvaged four girder hinges with the goal of testing to investigate their actual capacities and the accuracy of the results of the numerical models.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2025 09:44:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2607888</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>2503 Enhancing MALP and MKP as Repair Materials Through Joint Usage and in combination with Ceramic Paint</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2606541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this research is to address the corrosion performance of conventional reinforcing steel in uncracked and cracked magnesium-aluminum-liquid-phosphate (MALP) concrete and magnesium-potassium-phosphate (MKP) concrete in simulated repairs of Portland cement of both high and low quality. Reinforcing bars will be evaluated in both a clean and passive state and in an actively corroding state. The project will evaluate the ability of MALP concrete to withstand freeze-thaw cycles both as an individual material and in conjunction with Portland cement concrete. CeramycGuard will be investigated as a possible method to limit the penetration of salt solution into MKP to improve the corrosion resistance provided to reinforcing steels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2025 12:05:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2606541</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating New Steel Coating Systems</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2593943</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Kentucky Transportation Cabinet's (KYTC's) Divisions of Bridge Maintenance and Structural Design have identified several steel coating systems that can reduce maintenance, lower project costs, and increase structure service lives. Candidates include thermal spray (metallizing), galvanizing, and novel one- and two-coat systems. Before KYTC adopts a coating system it must undergo accelerated weathering and corrosion testing. The industry standard for this testing is ASTM D5894. However, this standard calls for just 5,000 hours of testing. This project will expose candidate coating systems to 20,000 hours of accelerated weathering and corrosion testing to more accurately gauge their long-term performance in the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2025 11:32:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2593943</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Correlation Between Deck Patching Quantities and Chloride Concentration Levels</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2577125</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prediction of deck patching quantity that reflects the reinforced concrete (RC) deck damage condition enables better bridge asset management at a network level. Chloride induced-corrosion is the major contributor to the RC deck deterioration and accordingly, the chloride concentration levels that control the corrosion process are believed to have correlation with the deck repair quantity. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) has gathered deck patch data for bridge deck repair projects in recent years and has also developed a chloride concentration model with the capability of predicting chloride concentration penetration into the deck thickness over time for cracked and uncracked concrete. The collected deck patch data and the developed chloride model make it possible to obtain deck patching predictive models that are functions of chloride levels and other influencing factors. To develop the desired patching prediction model, three objectives are proposed: (1) identify all key influencing factors, (2) quantify the relationship between influencing factors (basic variables) with the patch level (response) through nonlinearity and interactions, and (3) determine the most appropriate statistical model considering accuracy and complexity. To meet project objectives, the relationship between the influencing factors and the patching quantity will be modeled through explanatory functions utilizing existing corrosion mechanistic models and genetic programming. Several statistical models in three different approach categories (i.e., regression, Markov-based, and unsupervised machine learning) will be developed and the best model for the MnDOT implementation will be selected.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 12:02:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2577125</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Long-Term Inactivity on Railcar Bearing Lubricant and Seal Function</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2574620</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prior work on the effects of prolonged inactivity on rail bearing performance focused on possible effects of extended idle periods on lubricant condition and performance. Those studies utilized bearings which had been idle for three years. Normal changes in lubricant antioxidants and consistency were observed but changes did not fall outside the necessary condition for safe operation of the bearing. A controlled study of long-term idleness on lubricant characteristics began as part of that study and the research team proposes extending that work for another year. In the testing of the idle bearings received from CSX Transportation, two seal-related conditions were observed which would have some impact on long term performance. One bearing showed evidence of water intrusion as evidenced both by corrosion on the bearing raceway and behavior of samples in thermal analysis. In addition, several bearings subjected to service testing developed lubricant leaks from the metallic joint between the seal and bearing cup which is a press fit. In almost two decades of bearing life testing, the research team has never seen a leak at that location, even in bearings which had been reassembled multiple times. The proposed work would have one continuing effort and one new line of investigation. (1) The effects of extended inactivity on lubricants stored in a bearing simulator and continuously exposed to the South Texas elements would continue for another year. (2) Evaluation of effects of extended periods under load without rotation on the metal-metal interface between the bearing seal and the bearing cup. 

 ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2025 18:59:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2574620</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling and Assessment of the Remaining Service Life for Steel Bridge Piles in Michigan</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2562264</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Steel piles have been widely used in bridge construction in Michigan. Most common are 12” & 14” inch H-pile sections, and 10”,
12” , 14” and 16” diameter pipe pile sections. Corrosion of the steel piles is becoming a major concern for the bridges, especially for
those being in service for over 50 years. The localized corrosion of steel pile foundations may result in considerable loss of loadbearing
capacity and eventually could lead to the collapse of the structure. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the
population of in-service steel piles, and prediction of pile corrosion is essential to avoid excessive deflection or failure. However,
there are certain challenges to investigate the corrosion of steel bridge piles, including but not limited to: Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) does not have a
comprehensive inventory of the number, type, and age of steel piles currently in service. Existing soil type and groundwater levels
and details of the pile sections used needs to be extracted case by case from as-built plans. (1) On-site measurement of corrosion
extent is difficult and not cost-effective, especially for those steel piles buried in soil. Moreover, the measurement over a certain area
of the steel pile may not be reliable due to pit corrosion. The pit corrosion is usually concentrated in a small area, but it can be more
dangerous than uniform corrosion damage. (2) The corrosion of steel piles is influenced by numerous factors: (a) Soil resistivity. Resistivity, which is the reciprocal of conductivity, indicates the corrosion current carrying ability of the environment. Typically, lower
soil resistivity promotes a higher corrosion rate and level of steel piles. (b) Chemical composition of soil. Chemical composition of the soil is of key importance to understand the influence of soil on corrosion of buried steel. Chlorides (>100 ppm) and sulfates (>200
ppm) have been identified as indicatives of corrosive soil in Federal Highway Administration guidelines for mechanically stabilized earth walls. Chloride ions, which directly participate in the anodic reaction of corrosions, could be a major threat for bridges in Michigan due to the large amount of de-icing agent applied in snow season. (c) Moisture content. Moisture is necessary for corrosion. Therefore, highest level of corrosion is usually found in water table fluctuation zone. (d) Bacteria. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), an electrochemical corrosion affected by the presence of biological agents, can also severely degrade the steel surfaces. (e) Pile type and loading history. The material, dimension and loading history of the steel piles can have impact on
their corrosion rate. (3) There is no widely accepted method to predict pile corrosion. Current single variable or multivariable
regression models do not consider all factors listed above, and thus lack generalizability. More importantly, the corrosion
environment in Michigan may require its unique regression model. With these unsolved issues, the threat of influencing factors
cannot be ranked. (4) There is lack of accurate prediction of the remaining load-bearing capacity of corroded steel piles. While
several methods (AISC, AISI-EWM, AISI-DSM, etc.) have been developed, the localized corrosion as well as stiffness change make their assumption invalid and cause conservative prediction of the remaining life. (5) Many retrofit or repair techniques have been
implemented for strengthening the corroded steel piles, but a detailed cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) for those techniques should
be conducted to minimize future construction cost in Michigan. Based on the above discussion, it is essential to investigate the
effect of various factors on corrosion rate of steel bridge piles and predict the remaining load-bearing capacity of corroded piles.
Consequently, proper repair technique can be applied at appropriate time to maintain and prolong the service life of bridges in
Michigan.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2025 14:44:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2562264</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Replacement of Outside Beams on Adjacent Box-Beam Structures </title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2562257</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design and construction of precast, prestressed concrete side-by-side box-beam bridges became popular in Michigan in the
mid 50’s mainly due to their ease and speed of construction. In recent years, the preference for specifying this bridge type has
declined significantly due to various performance issues. Durability, inspection, and sustainability of this bridge type have
become a concern. Surface water leaking through the cracked longitudinal joints into the shear keys leads to concealed corrosion
of reinforcement as well as prestressing strands along the beam sides. The corrosion activity remains concealed until cracking,
delamination, or spalling occur. Often fascia and second beams have significant deterioration due to a combined action of
material response to exposure conditions and moisture. With this background, there are numerous adjacent box-beam structures
with significantly deteriorated fascia, and in some cases second-line, beams that may benefit from replacement of beams.
Additionally, removing and re-installing transverse post tensioning, both tensioned non-grouted steel rods and grouted post
tensioned steel cables, can be a concern. The primary area of focus for this project will be on assessing and determining best
practices for addressing the deterioration (repair/replacement) of these outside beams.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2025 14:24:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2562257</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Probabilistic Methods for Service Life Design of Steel Bridge Elements

</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2558382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide Specification for Service Life Design of Highway Bridges (HBSLD-1) and Guide to Bridge Preservation Actions (BPA-1) have had a positive impact on state departments' of transportation (DOTs) ability to design concrete structures to achieve a target service life. Within HBSLD-1, resistance to chloride-induced corrosion deterioration in concrete has been calibrated based on full probabilistic service life modeling. However, current design methods for structural steel take the form of deemed-to-satisfy provisions based on past practices and historical performance without probabilistic calibration. A more rigorous probabilistic method using a deterioration model for steel structures is desired to achieve improved reliability to meet the selected target service life. The model would allow steel elements to be designed for service life demands (e.g., environmental exposure conditions) in addition to other AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications limit states. Research is needed to develop and validate deterioration models for steel bridge elements.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop a calibrated probabilistic deterioration model for design to make informed decisions about the target service life of nonrenewable steel bridge (NSB) elements under varied corrosion protection strategies and environmental conditions.  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2025 14:10:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2558382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>	Effects of Composition and Temperature Control Measures on Mass Concrete Durability</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2555881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of this research are to determine the effect of duration of elevated temperature, for Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) mix designs with different supplementary cementitious material with respect to hardened structural properties, early-age cracking, and long-term durability associated with resistance to chemical attack.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 May 2025 07:17:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/2555881</guid>
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