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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Innovative Signal Timing Design and Operation Strategies to Improve Nighttime Arterial Safety</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2536079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nighttime fatalities, injuries, and crashes are overrepresented in Florida. To significantly reduce these incidents, greater efforts must be invested to make nighttime travel safer for all road users. This research will investigate innovative traffic signal timing design and operation strategies and their effectiveness in mitigating nighttime fatalities, serious injuries, and crashes on urban and suburban arterials in Florida.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2025 12:57:25 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Assessment of Safety Benefits of Technologies to Reduce Pedestrian Crossing Fatalities at Midblock Location</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/2196805</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2015, South Carolina ranked third in the nation in pedestrian fatalities per 100,000 population. Out of 979 total motor vehicle fatalities, 123 involved pedestrians, accounting for over 12% of all road user fatalities in South Carolina. While some individuals make conscious choices to walk and dwell in transit-oriented or mixed-use walkable communities, for others, vehicle availability or physical disability may dictate the pedestrian mode.  Thus, pedestrian crashes and resulting deaths and injuries can disproportionately affect these segments of the population. Often, these crashes occur due to driver detection errors, such as: (1) inability to identify specific types of road users or looking at the direction that is appropriate due to the gap of cognitive expectation; and (2) failure in understanding stimuli when adequate lighting is not available or when a vehicle approaches in the periphery of the visual field for the road user. Historically, pedestrian detection has been the responsibility of the driver and is prone to errors related to expectation, visual acuity, visual contrast, etc.  With the growing market of vehicle sensing, smartphones, and smart infrastructure, there exists a plethora of opportunities to aid the driver and pedestrian with enhanced sensing capability and visibility. This research lays the foundation of knowledge for pedestrian midblock crashes at nighttime, their exposure characteristics, and the potential effectiveness of existing sensing technologies.  Through data analytics, this research advances knowledge for technology adoption to foster safer and more effective mobility for our society. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jun 2023 11:57:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Evaluate the Uses and Technology for Truck Mounted Attenuators</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1565423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Ohio Department of Transportation's (ODOT) District 12 has more than 3000 lane miles and approximately half of those are interstate miles. This provides a unique safety situation when doing mobile operations for multilane and freeway look-a-likes. These highly variable conditions encountered in the field include traffic volume, travel speed, time of day and weather. 

When the normal function of a roadway is altered for maintenance such as street sweeping, pothole patching and sewer work ODOT highway workers become more at risk. ODOT would like to evaluate truck mounted attenuators (TMA) to see if they would be beneficial for short duration work zone use. 

The overall goal of the project is to provide safe, efficient, and cost effective opportunities to handle mobile operations. 

Objectives of this project include: (1) Evaluate all  TMA's currently on the market; (2) Provide a cost benefit analysis for all TMA's considered; (3) Document how user friendly an TMA is to operate; (4) Evaluate the decrease in late night accidents; and (5) Determine if this provide safety for the ODOT work force.
                             ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Oct 2018 13:47:54 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Evaluation of the Cost Effectiveness of Illumination as a Safety Treatment at Rural Intersections</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1474439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Late-night and early-morning driving periods have significantly higher incident and fatality rates than other periods of the day. Many of these crashes occur at rural intersections and intersection illumination provides a proven safety countermeasure to help ameliorate these risks. However, intersection illumination remains one of the main contributors to electrical power consumption in roadway maintenance and operations. This study seeks to provide a better understanding of the relationship between illumination and crash occurrence at rural intersections and to synthesize this understanding as guidance for transportation agencies to determine how and when illumination is cost effective.  The findings from this research is expected to significantly aid Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) and other State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) to objectively determine if a rural intersection should be illuminated or if safety objectives can be met with reduced illumination level. This knowledge will aid engineers in making effective design and operational decisions that are cost effective without compromising desired safety goals. Additionally, this study will provide summary of the best practices and provide recommendation for practitioners as to the most cost-effective approaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Jul 2017 12:38:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1474439</guid>
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      <title>Impact of Red Light Running Camera Flashes on Younger and Older Driver Brake Response Times</title>
      <link>https://rip.trb.org/View/1316852</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Initial evidence suggests that Red Light running Camera (RLRC) flashes attract both attention and the eyes away from safety-relevant driving information. Older adults are likely to be even more susceptible to the distracting effects of RLRC flashes as this age group often exhibits poorer attentional and eye movement control compared to younger adults. In addition, older adults' increased susceptibility to glare and altered dark adaptation processes may increase the distracting effects of RLRC flashes even further in nighttime scenes in which the flare is more salient. The proposed research will utilize simulated driving scenes to determine if older adults are differentially distracted by RLRC flashes, and whether this increased distractibility is more pronounced for nighttime scenes. Results of the proposed research will be informative regarding whether situational and individual difference factors modulate the degree to which RLRC flashes are distracting. In addition, results of the research will have implications for the design of future driving simulator studies to investigate what the perceptual and attentional effects of RLRC flashes mean for the driving performance and safety of both younger and older adults.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2014 01:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://rip.trb.org/View/1316852</guid>
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